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Background Obstetric and gynecologic procedures are valuable in rural settings. Data identifying common procedures may better prepare surgeons to meet patient needs in remote settings. Materials and methods A literature review using key MeSH terms was performed according to methods described by the Cochrane Collaboration and PRISMA on studies that described obstetric and gynecologic surgery in rural high-income countries or any setting in middle- to low-income countries. Meta-analysis was performed using random effects modeling for odds ratios of cesarean delivery and hysterectomy as proportions of total surgical volume. Results A total of 195 studies were included for qualitative synthesis and 22 for quantitative analysis. Obstetric and gynecologic procedures made up a 19% of all surgical cases. As compared to other obstetric and gynecologic surgical procedures, cesarean delivery was the most common procedure with odds ratio of 2.39 (95% confidence interval 1.48–3.86), and hysterectomy was the second most common procedure with odds ratio of 1.60 (1.57–1.64). However, heterogeneity between the studies was extremely high and risk of bias was high, limiting quality of findings. Conclusion Greater provision of surgical care can be enhanced by defining which procedures are most needed, which include many obstetric and gynecologic procedures, most commonly cesarean delivery and hysterectomy.

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