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Rice straw is an important low-cost feedstock for bio-based economy. This report presents a study in which rice straw was used both as a source for isolation of bacteria producing the biodegradable polyester polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), as well as the carbon source for the production of the polymer by the isolated bacteria. Of the 100 bacterial isolates, seven were found to be positive for PHA production by Nile blue staining and were identified as Bacillus species by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Three isolates showed 100% sequence identity to B. cereus, one to B. paranthracis, two with 99 and 100% identity to B. anthracis, while one was closely similar to B. thuringiensis. For use in PHA production, rice straw was subjected to mild alkaline pretreatment followed by enzymatic hydrolysis. Comparison of pretreatment by 2% sodium hydroxide, 2% calcium hydroxide and 20% aqueous ammonia, respectively, at different temperatures showed maximum weight loss with NaOH at 80 °C for 5 h, but ammonia for 15 h at 80 °C led to highest lignin removal of 63%. The ammonia-pretreated rice straw also led to highest release of total reducing sugar up to 92% on hydrolysis by a cocktail of cellulases and hemicellulases at 50 °C. Cultivation of the Bacillus isolates on the pretreated rice straw revealed highest PHA content of 59.3 and 46.4%, and PHA concentration of 2.96 and 2.51 g/L by Bacillus cereus VK92 and VK98, respectively.

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Background: The patient experience includes all interactions between the patient and the health care system, including the treatment plan, doctors, nurses, and hospital staff. Patient experience is one of the three important pillars of hospital quality including: patient safety, clinical effectiveness, and patient experience. A positive patient experience is an important goal to be focused on. The aim of this study was to have an overview of the experience and satisfaction of hospital inpatients, thereby offering solutions to improve service quality at the hospital. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study on 115 patients being treated at the Oncology Center to evaluate the experience of patients undergoing inpatient treatment at the Oncology Center, Phu Tho Provincial General Hospital in 2021. Results: Research results showed that the rate of good feedback about the treatment experience of the doctor, the care of the Nursing, the response of the medical staff to the patient's request, experience themselves during treatment, experience when receiving drugs, experience of hospital environment and experience when leaving hospital were 95.65%, 97.39%, 87.83%, 100%, 93.91%, 86.96%, 94.78%, respectively. The overall score for the Oncology center was 9.43 points. The study found 3 factors that have a statistically significant relationship: the patient's education level was related to the assessment of the hospital environment (OR=2.955; 95%CI=1). ,22-7.15; P=0.014), the number of days in the hospital stay of inpatients was related to the experience assessment of the hospital environment (OR=2.43; 95%CI = 1.00 -5.87; P=0.045) and inpatient mental health were related to the overall hospital rating (OR=2.1; 95%CI = 1.00-4.40; P=0.05). Conclusion: Satisfaction about the experience of hospital inpatients has given us the key to come up with optimal solutions to contribute to improving service quality at the hospital. Promote the advantages and improve the problems that make patients unsatisfied. Keywords: patient experience, oncology, related factors, Phu Tho Provincial General Hospital

Background: Thiazole-containing compounds are widely found in natural products as well as synthetic sources. Many thiazole-based compounds possess a broad spectrum of bioactivities and some of them are well-known drugs in the markets. The use of thiazole derivatives in other fields such as organic materials, cosmetics and organic synthesis has also widely reported. Due to a wide range of applicability, the synthesis of thiazole-containing compounds has attracted extensive interests of chemist and many studies in the synthesis of thiazole skeleton have been reported recently. Objective: This review article will discuss recent studies in the synthesis of thiazoles (from 2012). Beside the well-established Hantzsch thiazole synthesis, a large number of novel methods have been developed for the synthesis of thiazole derivatives. In most cases, reaction mechanisms have also been described. Conclusion: The synthesis of thiazole derivatives has drawn great attention of chemists and many studies in the synthesis of these heterocycles have been reported recently. The classical method, the Hantzsch thiazole synthesis have still received great research interest of chemists. Moreover, many new methods have been established to synthesize thiazole-derived compounds. Unquestionably, more and more approaches to access thiazole skeleton will appear in the literature. Application of established methods for thiazole synthesis to the synthesis of drugs, organic materials, and natural products will probably paid attention