The amount of pigments produced by interaction of oxidized lipids with albumin and the intensity of coloration increase with increasing degree of unsaturation of the lipid fraction.
Die durch Hydroperoxidzersetzung der Lipide entstehenden Alkanale reagieren mit den freien Aminogruppen der Proteinmoleküle. Je nach den Bedingungen kann die Reaktion (in bezug auf Aminogruppen) von o. oder 1. Ordnung sein. Bei mäßig erhöhter Temperatur von 60 °C dauert die Reaktion einige Tage, bei über 100 °C liegenden Temperaturen nur einige Stunden bis Minuten. Zur quantitativen Blockierung der freien Aminogruppen ist ein großer Überschuß an Aldehyden notwendig. Die niedermolekularen Aldehyde reagieren schneller als die längerkettigen Homologen. Die Gegenwart einer größeren Wassermenge verringert die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit. Mit der Bindung von Aldehyd an Protein ist eine Senkung der in vitro Verdaulichkeit verbunden.
D-arabino-hexosulose, a product of oxidative degradation of hexoses, reacts with L-lysine forming light coloured intermediary products (premelanoidins) which are further converted into brown macromolecular pigments. The reaction of D-arabino-hexosulose is not autocatalytic contrary to that of sugars. The browning proceeds after a zeroth order reaction mechanism. The induction period was observed neither in premelanoidin formation, nor in browning reaction. Both the hexosulose-lysine interaction and the browning consisted of two steps, possessing different kinetic characteristics and reaction mechanisms. The two steps of reactions are isokinetic only at lower temperatures. The activation energies and the activation enthalpies of premelanoidin formation and of browning reactions are temperature-dependent and are lower than those of the formation of intermediary compounds and of browning reactions of sugars.
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