Introduction: In Vietnam, awareness from families and society towards children born with cleft lip and palate (CLP) is still lacking. Knowledge and attitude of families towards CLP could help fight against negative beliefs and preconceptions about CLP. Objectives: To assess the awareness of families with children with CLP in the northern region of Vietnam, who were diagnosed and received treatment at the National Hospital of Odonto-Stomatology.Method: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study with a convenient sample of 196 patients who were diagnosed with CLP at the National Hospital of Odonto-Stomatology from October 2019 to October 2021. Children, their families, or guardians participating in the study were interviewed using a pre-built questionnaire.Results: Nearly 90% of parents observed the community's acceptance of their children with CLP. Families received support and management from the government for children with CLP through direct counselling (64.2%), and dialing (45.9%). However, most respondents felt shocked, anxious, and painful when there was a child with CLP in their family. Most families' awareness of childcare methods was relatively limited: About 58-60% parents found their children with CLP had major difficulties in eating and drinking, but 26% reported they did not help _________________________________________

In 2015, a novel circovirus (Porcine circovirus 3, PCV3) was detected for the first time from pigs suffered from porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome and reproductive failure. Since then, PCV3 has been reported in several pig producing countries. This study was carried out in order to investigate the presence and further genetic characterization of PCV3 in the pig populations in northern Vietnam. The screening PCR detected the presence of PCV3 in 6 out of 135 samples (4.44%) which were collected from seven northern provinces in 2011 and 2016-2017. The capsid-coding gene (ORF2, 645 nucleotides in length) was successfully sequenced from 5 out of 6 field strains. Compared to a highly diverse PCV3 strain (GD2016-1, KY421347) 5 Vietnamese PCV3 strains contained 39 point nucleotide mutations and 9 of those were non-synonymous. The Bayesian phylogenetic analysis on the basic of ORF2 revealed that PCV3 evolved at a comparable evolutionary rate of the pathogenic PCV2 (2.284 × 10 -3 and 1.440 × 10 -3 , respectively). Besides, this analysis suggested PCV3 could be separated into PCV3a and PCV3b groups, of which the majority of Vietnamese PCV3 strains belong to PCV3a (sub-cluster a1).

This paper investigates tap-water securities using the management of non-traditional security (MNS) framework. The study found that tap-water in Hanoi is insecure due to uncertain upstream water sources, weak water quality monitoring, and poor wastewater drainage. Main challenges to tap-water security in Hanoi are ineffective management capacity of the local authorities as well as aging pipeline systems. Improvement in tap-water governance and collaborative co-governing is necessary. Privatization of tap-water utilities is not always effective to ensure tap water accessibilities to all residents. Finally, advanced water technologies are essential to achieving tap-water security in Hanoi.