The prospective study was conducted in the Ophthalmology department, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore, from January 2022 to January 2023 to compare the efficacy and safety of intravitreal (IVT) Bevacizumab alone with the suprachoroidal injection of CLS-TA (an injectable form of triamcinolone) along with IVT Bevacizumab in patients with retinal vein occlusion (RVO) induced macular edema in treatment naïve patients. Participants were randomized 1:1 to the IVT Bevacizumab group, and suprachoroidal injection of CLS-TA combined with IVT Bevacizumab group. Participants in both groups were administered drugs and monitored for 30 minutes after the injections. The final evaluation was done after 3 months. Results showed that the Bevacizumab group required 22 re-treatments of the participants for 3 months follow-up, while the combination group required 8 re-treatments (P=0.013). Regarding safety, 1 patient had cataract progression unrelated to the study drug. Combining steroids with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) suppression benefits RVO-induced macular edema. It improves vision, reduces injection frequency, and provides rapid resolution. It is also seen that suprachoroidal delivery of CLS-TA is associated with a reduced risk of increased IOP and cataract progression compared to typical intraocular steroids. Regarding safety, 1 patient had cataract progression unrelated to the study drug. Combining steroids with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) suppression benefits RVO-induced macular edema. It improves vision, reduces injection frequency, and provides rapid resolution. It is also seen that suprachoroidal delivery of CLS-TA is associated with a reduced risk of increased IOP and cataract progression compared to typical intraocular steroids.

This study assessed the relationship between Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) and post-natal weight gain in premature infants admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). The observational study was conducted in the Department of Ophthalmology in collaboration with the Department of Pediatrics, the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at Sir Ganga Ram hospital in Lahore from September 2020 to August 2022. Data including gender, Birth Weight (BW), Gestational Age (GA), and post-natal complications(hypotension, packed red cell transfusion, intraventricular hemorrhage, necrotizing enterocolitis, and respiratory distress syndrome) of all the premature infants with gestational age less than 35 weeks, admitted in NICU was collected. All these premature infants underwent eye examination for the presence or absence of ROP, and weight was measured. In the second, fourth, and sixth weeks, their relative weight gain(RWG) was calculated. Infants with ROP had lower BW (P <0.001) and GA (P<0.001). More infants with severe ROP had body weight <1000g and post-natal complications than those without ROP. Moreover, RWG at the 2nd and 4th weeks was lower in infants with ROP than with no ROP infants. Based on the result, it can be concluded that the ROP was associated with low postnatal weight gain, birth weight, and gestational age.