Our data indicate that the discrepancies generated through using different AST methods and different interpretive guidelines may result in confusion and inaccuracy when prescribing treatment for urinary tract infection.

Strains LMG 7974T and LMG 8286T represent single, novel Campylobacter lineages with Campylobacter pinnipediorum and Campylobacter mucosalis as nearest phylogenomic neighbours, respectively. The results of average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) analyses of LMG 7974T, LMG 8286T and type strains of species of the genus Campylobacter confirmed that these strains represent novel species of the genus Campylobacter . The 16S rRNA gene sequences of both strains showed highest identity towards C. mucosalis (97.84 and 98.74 %, respectively). Strains LMG 7974T and LMG 8286T shared 72.5 and 73.7% ANI, respectively, with their nearest phylogenomic neighbours and less than 21 % dDDH. The draft genome sizes of LMG 7974T and LMG 8286T are 1 945429 bp and 1 708214 bp in length with percentage DNA G+C contents of 33.8 and 37.2 %, respectively. Anomalous biochemical characteristics and low MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry log scores supported their designation as representing novel species of the genus Campylobacte. We therefore propose to classify strain LMG 7974T (=CCUG 20705T) as the type strain of the novel species Campylobacter majalis sp. nov. and strain LMG 8286T (=CCUG 24193T, NCTC 11879T) as the type strain of the novel species Campylobacter suis sp. nov.

Campylobacter fetus can cause intestinal and systemic disease in humans and are well established veterinary and economic pathogens. We report the complete genomic sequences of two C. fetus subsp. fetus (Cff) isolates recovered in 2017 (CITCf01) and 2018 (CITCf02) from a case of recurrent prosthetic valve endocarditis. Both were capable of growth aerobically. Their genomes were found to be highly conserved and syntenic with 99.97% average nucleotide identity (ANI) while differences in their respective sap loci defined the temporal separation of their genomes. Based on core genome phylogeny and ANI of 83 Cff genomes belonging to the previously described human-associated Cff lineage, CITCf01 and CITCf02 grouped in a clade of eleven sequence type (ST)3 Cff (including the Cff type strain NCTC 10842T). CITCf01 and CITCf02 were marked for their lack of unique genomic features when compared to isolates within the subspecies and the type strain in particular. We identified point mutations in oxidative stress response genes, among others, that may contribute to aerobiosis. We report a case of Cff causing relapsed prosthetic valve endocarditis and we highlight the sap island as a polymorphic site within the genetically stable ST3 lineage, central to pathogenicity.