Endoscopic techniques have only very recently been applied to aesthetic plastic surgery procedures, especially in carpal tunnel release, in forehead plasties, and in breast augmentation operations. The author briefly outlines his experiences with endoscopic forehead lifts, first reported at surgical conferences in Los Angeles and Buenos Aires in 1992, and now totaling 61 cases performed in the 11 months just prior to the submission of this article. This endoscopic approach to forehead lifting has provided similar and comparable results to conventional coronal forehead lift operations, by means of small incisions made in the scalp area with minimal and fewer complications.

Barbed sutures, either used alone in a closed approach or as part of an open face lift procedure, may be combined with malar implants, soft tissue fillers, chemical peeling, and laser resurfacing. Because cephalad cheek repositioning affects adjacent facial areas, results may include shortening of the lower eyelid distance, flattening of the nasolabial fold, elevation of the submalar tissue, improvement of jowling, and decrease in submalar area fullness.

No abstract

The CSM does not appear to be the primary determinant of vertical glabellar frown lines. (Aesthetic Surg J 2001;21:209-215.).