Sirosis hepatis adalah suatu keadaan patologis yang menggambarkan stadium akhir fibrosis hepatik yang berlangsung progresif. Varises esofagus merupakan salah satu komplikasi tersering sirosis hepatis. Berat ringannya sirosis  hepatis  dapat  dinilai  dengan menggunakan klasifikasi Child Pugh.  Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan hubungan antara beratnya sirosis hepatis dan derajat varises esofagus. Penelitian ini adalah studi analitik menggunakan desain cross sectional study dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 66 orang penderita sirosis hepatis yang dirawat inap di bagian Penyakit Dalam periode 2012-2013. Data dikumpulkan melalui catatan rekam medik yang kemudian di analisis melalui uji chi-square pada derajat kepercayaan 95% (0,05). Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan varises esofagus pada pasien sirosis hepatis sebanyak 46% dengan insiden derajat varises esofagus paling banyak pada grade III 71,2% dan beratnya sirosis hepatis paling banyak pada Child C 47%. Hasil uji statistik chi-square menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara derajat varises esofagus berdasarkan beratnya sirosis hepatis (p= 0,033). Simpulan studi ini ialah terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara derajat varises esofagus dan beratnya sirosis hepatis.

AbstrakVitamin D memiliki peranan dalam pertahanan tubuh melawan infeksi. Vitamin D menghambat proliferasi sel otot polos vaskuler, melindungi endotel, dan memodulasi proses infeksi. Defisiensi vitamin D akan menyebabkan defek fungsi makrofag seperti kemotaksis, fagositosis, dan produksi sitokin pro-inflamasi. Defisiensi vitamin D akan memberikan luaran yang buruk pada anak sakit kritis. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui hubungan kadar dan status vitamin D terhadap mortalitas dan lama rawatan pada anak sakit kritis. Metode: Studi potong lintang dilakukan di PICU RSUP M. Djamil Padang sejak Agustus sampai November 2016. Dilakukan penghitungan skor Pelod-2, pemeriksaan kadar serum vitamin D dan kalsium, dan dihubungkan dengan mortalitas serta lama rawatan. Hubungan antar variabel dianalisis statistik menggunakan t-Test, Mann-Whitney, Chi-square dan Kruskal-Wallis. Hasil: Diperoleh prevalensi insufisiensi dan defisiensi vitamin D pada anak sakit kritis adalah 37,50% dan 44,64%. Dari 56 subjek, 19 subjek meninggal dunia (33,92%). Skor Pelod 2 pada awal rawatan berhubungan dengan mortalitas (p=0,001). Tidak terdapat hubungan antara status vitamin D dengan mortalitas (p=0,732) dan lama rawatan (p=0,311) pada anak sakit kritis. Simpulan: Bahwa sebagian besar anak sakit kritis mengalami insufisiensi dan defisiensi vitamin D, namun status vitamin D tidak berhubungan dengan tingkat mortalitas dan lama rawatan. Kata kunci: defisiensi vitamin D; anak sakit kritis; mortalitas; lama rawatan Abstract Vitamin D has role in the body's defense against infection. Vitamin D inhibits proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelial protect, and modulate the process of infection. Deficiency of vitamin D will cause defects of macrophage functions such as chemotaxis, phagocytosis and production of proinflammatory cytokines. Deficiency of vitamin D will provide poor outcomes in critically ill

Abstrak Sirosis hepatis adalah suatu keadaan patologis yang menggambarkan stadium akhir fibrosis hepatik yang berlangsung progresif. Varises esofagus merupakan salah satu komplikasi tersering sirosis hepatis. Berat ringannya sirosis hepatis dapat dinilai dengan me hubungan antara beratnya sirosis hepatis d menggunakan desain cross sectional study dirawat inap di bagian Penyakit Dalam periode 2012 kemudian di analisis melalui uji chi-square varises esofagus pada pasien sirosis hepatis sebanyak 46% dengan insiden derajat varises esofagus paling banyak pada grade III 71,2% dan beratnya sirosis hepatis paling banyak pada menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara derajat varises esofagus berdasarkan beratny Simpulan studi ini ialah terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara dera hepatis. AbstractLiver cirrhosis is a pathological condition which describes the end progressively. Esophageal varices is one of the most common complication of liver cirrhosis. Severity of liver can be assessed by using the Child Pugh classification. between the severity of liver cirrhosis and study design using 66 patients with liver cirrhosis who were hospitalized within 2012 through a medical record which was analyzed by chi with esophageal varices found in 46% pati esophageal varices degree is grade III as much as 71.2% and the severity of liver cirrhosis is child C as much as 47%.The result of the chi-square statistical test showed there is associat hepatic cirrhosis severity (p=0.033). In conclusion, there is significant relation between the d varices and the severity of liver cirrhosis.

The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) that cause COVID-19 global pandemic is a devastating disease causing thousands of victims every day. Therefore, there must be a certain effort to reduce the risk of the disease progress, including improvement of individual immune system like the probiotic supplementation. Meanwhile, dadih is a dairy product obtained from fermented buffalo milk contains various nutrients for human body, especially probiotics that beneficial for reducing the risk of COVID-19 infection in children. The aim of the study was to determine the nutritional and microbiological content of dadih pudding as additional supplementation in children confirmed positive for COVID-19. The study design was True Experiment using Completely Randomized Design (CRD). It consisted of four formulas. They were F0 as the standard formula, then F1, F2, and F3 as the treatment formula by adding dadih 50, 60, 70, and 80 grams, respectively. This study was initiated with the analysis of biochemical nutritional value  at a laboratory in Padang Research Center and Industry Standardization. Besides, it also determined the number of total Acid Lactic Bacterial quantification which was analyzed at microbiology laboratory, Agricultured Technology Faculty, Universitas  Andalas. Nutrients and lactic acid bacteria in dadih pudding are potential as food supplementation, especially for children with COVID-19 infection. It is strongly recommended to give probiotic dadih to children in order to counter oxidative stress and inflammation, and the setting of COVID-19.Â

Background: Malnutrition often occurs in children with cerebral palsy, and anthropometric measurement becomes a challenge due to spastic posture. Subjective Global Nutrition Assessment (SGNA) is a helpful non-invasive screening tool to determine the nutritional status of its simplicity, ease to use, comprehensive, and affordable. Objective: This study aimed to determine the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of SGNA in determining nutritional status in children with cerebral palsy Methods: A diagnostic test study was performed on 40 children with cerebral palsy who came to the outpatient clinic of M. Djamil Hospital from July to September 2022 where the caregiver signed the informed consent. Patients with a congenital anomalies and obesity were excluded. Measurements were carried out and nutritional status was determined by plotting weight and height data to WHO 2006/CDC 2000 anthropometric curve and caregivers were asked to fill in the questionnaire. Data analysis was performed with a 2x2 table using a computer program. Main outcome measures: sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of SGNA. Result: Data from 40 samples were collected to compare the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of SGNA in determining nutritional status to anthropometric as a gold standard. The results were 91.3%, 88.2%, 91.3%, and 88.2 %, respectively. Conclusion: SGNA is recommended for screening nutritional status in children with cerebral palsy. Keywords: SGNA, nutritional status, cerebral palsy