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The transcription factor NF-B, a central regulator of immunity, is subject to regulation by redox changes. We now report that cysteine-179 of the inhibitory B kinase (IKK) ␤-subunit of the IKK signalosome is a central target for oxidative inactivation by means of S-glutathionylation. S-glutathionylation of IKK-␤ Cys-179 is reversed by glutaredoxin (GRX), which restores kinase activity.

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Mitochondria infiltrate leading edge lamellipodia, increasing local mitochondrial mass and relative ATP concentration. AMPK regulates infiltration of mitochondria into the leading edge of 2D lamellipodia and 3D invadopodia, coupling local metabolic sensing to subcellular targeting of mitochondria during cell movement.