Snoring assessment and its differentiation from obstructive sleep apnoea are difficult based upon a parent history and physical examination of the size of the tonsils. Not only is the presence of obstructive sleep apnoea important to diagnose, but confirming its severity is the key determinant in prioritising treatment in a resource-limited setting. This review provides current knowledge on the utility of common diagnostic tests, results of treatment options available and implications of treatment and unrecognised or untreated obstructive sleep apnoea.

Physical activity is a natural part of a healthy life-style, which should be nurtured from early childhood. Regular physical activity mitigates against the global problems of overweight and obesity, hypertension, anxiety and depression. It lowers the morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease and provides hope for sustainable economics to support an ageing population into their retirement. This is preventative health economics that can be achieved with integrated support from families, communities, health-care professionals and governments at all levels. At present, children lack the support of those responsible for them at a societal level to adequately protect them from the physical and emotional consequences of reduced physical activity.

DLCO is highly repeatable in children. AS have an increased DLCO at rest compared to both children with CF and controls. There is a decline from baseline to post-exercise DLCO and while there are disease-specific differences, the general pattern of change in DLCO measures after exercise is similar in children to adults.