The goal of Application-Layer Traffic Optimization (ALTO) is to provide guidance to applications that have to select one or several hosts from a set of candidates capable of providing a desired resource. ALTO is realized by a client-server protocol. Before an ALTO client can ask for guidance, it needs to discover one or more ALTO servers.This document specifies a procedure for resource-consumer-initiated ALTO server discovery, which can be used if the ALTO client is embedded in the resource consumer.

Abstract-In recent years there has been a trend for more user participation in Internet-based services leading to an explosion of user-generated, tailored and reviewed content and social networking-based applications. The next generation of applications will continue this trend and be more interactive and distributed, putting the users at the centre of a massively multi-participant communications environment. Furthermore, future networked media environments will be high-quality, multi-sensory, multi-viewpoint and multi-streamed, relying on HD and 3D video. These applications will place unprecedented demands on networks for high capacity, low-latency, and low-loss communication paths between unpredictable and arbitrarily large meshes of network endpoints. It would require operators to upgrade the capacity of their infrastructure by several orders of magnitude to ensure end-to-end quality of service. Instead, we advocate the development of intelligent cross-layer techniques that, on the one hand, will mobilise network and user resources to provide network capacity where it is needed, and, on the other hand, will ensure that the applications adapt themselves and the content they are conveying to available network resources, considering core network capacity as well as the heterogeneity of access network and end-device capabilities. This paper presents an architecture that enables this level of cooperation between the application providers, the users and the communications networks, so that the QoE of the application should be improved and the network traffic optimised.

The Application-Layer Traffic Optimization (ALTO) protocol, specified in RFC 7285, defines several services that return various metrics describing the costs between network endpoints. This document defines a new service that allows an ALTO Client to retrieve several cost metrics in a single request for an ALTO filtered cost map and endpoint cost map. In addition, it extends the constraints to further filter those maps by allowing an ALTO Client to specify a logical combination of tests on several cost metrics.

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Content-Centric Networking (CCN) and Service-Centric Networking (SCN) are two novel paradigms that seek to change the way content and services are perceived. CCN is centered around content distribution, while SCN focuses on dynamic customization of in-network services.We present SoCCeR-Services over Content-Centric Routing. SoCCeR extends CCN with integrated support for service routing decisions leveraging ant-colony optimization. SoCCeR adds a control layer on top of CCN for the manipulation of the underlying Forwarding Information Base (FIB). Without affecting content request and retrieval functionality of CCN, SoCCeR adds SCN functionality to CCN. Illustrating the interaction of SoCCeR with the routing layer, our simulation results show that SoCCeR routes service requests selectively to service instances with lighter loads and is highly responsive to network and service state changes.