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Simulation and game-based learning is an essential learning application especially as it pertains to a high-stakes field like emergency and disaster management. Introducing real-life learning applications into the classroom allows the learner to make critical decisions at different points throughout a simulation providing practical learning that leads to a cognitive understanding of the material. These simulated practices ensure memory and longer retention of these events or tasks, a requirement to ensure that learning transpires. Likewise, these simulations also place the learner under acute stress, something that replicates the stress felt during real-life disasters. Therefore, it is crucial to have students apply what they have learned in simulations as a demonstration of their learning. These learned skills are essential for students to be marketable and thrive in a career field where decision-making, problem-solving, and critical thinking are vital for their success.

The British Union flag flew 365 days a year over Belfast City Hall and on designated days plus four specified days at the Ulster Hall and Duncrue Complex. This policy was challenged by the Sinn Féin party, prompting the city council to review the policy. Members of the city council consulted with the community, debated, and ultimately decided in December 2012 to change the policy in favor of designated days at the city council. They also removed the flag at the other two venues. This sparked protests from the Protestant community, some turning violent. The consultative process, the debates surrounding the change in the flag policy, and the reasons for the prolonged and at times violence response by the Protestant community is the result of conflict between both religious and political identity groups. This article examines these protests through the lens of cultural identity within divided communities.

It is assumed by most observers that China is copying or stealing vast amounts of intellectual property from US military and private industry through its cyber espionage activities, and then sharing that information with state-owned industries, giving them unfair economic advantages. The US also conducts cyber espionage against China and other nations, but chooses to not share the vast collections of intellectual property and data with its own domestic industries. By choosing not to do the same thing as China, the US may be placing itself at an economic disadvantage, and may also mistakenly be accusing China of threatening cyber warfare. What is needed is a clearer understanding of differences in national cultures that contribute to intolerance between the US and China when it comes to economics, threats of war, and the evolving new role of cyber espionage.

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