HOSPICE Casa Sperantei has been pioneering palliative care development in Romania since 1992. The have developed specialist palliative care services in home-based settings, inpatient units, day care centers, and as hospital support teams. They have provided national and international education programs for professionals in the palliative care field, as well as promoting palliative care integration in the health care system. Legislative improvements were adopted, including funding mechanisms for the reimbursement of palliative care services through the health insurance funds, review of opioid policy, and quality standards of care. By the end of 2015, Romania had 115 specialist palliative care services (78 palliative care inpatient units, 24 home-based palliative care services, five outpatient palliative care clinics, four day care centers, and four hospital support teams). A palliative care subspecialty for doctors was recognized as early as 2000, and a multidisciplinary master's degree program has been available at Transilvania University since 2010, when the first palliative care academic position was established. Nursing education includes mandatory palliative care modules in nursing schools. For coordinated development of palliative care at the national level, a national strategy was proposed defining three levels of palliative care provision, local, district, and national. The implementation of the palliative care strategy is partially funded through a World Bank loan.

Modified cysteine residues were identified for four tested drug compounds known to form reactive metabolites following in vitro microsomal incubations and accurate mass measurements by LC-MS analysis.

Worldwide, health care is becoming more complex and multifaceted. Nurses, who spend more time at the bedside or out in the community with patients and their families than any other health care professional, need leadership-building skills in order to navigate these challenging times. New guidelines focus on interprofessional and holistic care, emphasizing the importance of building leadership skills and abilities. The World Health Organization and the European Association for Palliative Care have shown interest in influencing the development and implementation of palliative care services globally, given the increasingly aging population, the growing incidence of cancer, and the human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS epidemic. Despite challenges in developing leadership skills in nurses throughout Central and Eastern Europe (CEE), visionary nursing leaders throughout these countries have taken the opportunity to develop the Transformational Palliative Nursing Leadership Program, which has been designed to improve the leadership abilities of palliative care nurses throughout CEE countries. The purpose of the Transformational Palliative Nursing Leadership Program education is to equip palliative care nurses with the ability to promote, develop, and sustain this specialized care in CEE countries or any other part of the world.