Background: The 21st century is thought to need these gadgets. They are employed in households, as well as in recreational settings and educational organizations, in addition to workplaces and businesses. The term "video display terminal" is used to refer to a computer screen (VDT). It includes computers, tablets, e-readers, smartphones, and other electronic gadgets. According to estimates, 45 million employees use computers directly by gazing at VDTs nonstop for long periods. Aim: The goal of this study was to count how many CMT (college of Medical Technology) students have computer vision syndrome and to identify the risk factors that go along with it. Methods: This cross-sectional research was conducted on 198 CMT students at Pakistan institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan, from 1st April 2022, to 30th September, 2022. The research covered all students between the ages of 17 and 25 who had used a computer in the month before the programs start date. Those students who were using eye medications, those with underlying systemic conditions like diabetes or hypertension, those with pre-existing eye problems, and those who did not provide informed written permission were excluded from the study. To demonstrate relationships between categorical data, the chi-square test was performed. The SPSS version 23 was used to analyze the data. Results: Age of 20.16 ± 3.81 years on average. Out of 198 respondents, 133 (67.2%) said they had at least one of the following symptoms of computer vision syndrome: headache, eye tiredness, burning, eye irritation, neck discomfort, and shoulder pain. Computer users' eye complaints included eye irritability (48%), burning (33%), and eye weariness (15%). Extraocular symptoms range from headaches (38%) to neck and shoulder discomfort (21.8%). Computer use time (240 minutes/four hours) was substantially correlated with eye tiredness and headache. Practical Implication: The benefit of this study is to identify the risk variables linked with computer vision syndrome and its incidence among undergraduate medical students. It will aid in raising public awareness of the health risks associated with computers and other digital electronic devices, as well as assisting public health experts and other stakeholders in taking action to address this public health problem Conclusions: The ailment known as "Computer Vision Syndrome" affects a lot of young students who use computer regularly Keywords: Computer Vision Syndrome, Risk, Prevention, households, irritability, pain, eye tiredness, .

Objectives: To determine the incidence of sleep disturbances, including insomnia in healthcare professionals dealing with COVID-19 patients. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted at inpatient infectious disease units, emergency department and ICU (for COVID-19 patients), at the Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS) from February 2022 to April 2022. All the individuals participating in the study were healthcare professionals. Insomnia Severity Index was used for the questionnaire. The scores of the surveyed subjects were calculated and the characteristic demographics of the subjects were analyzed. Results: An upward trend in the incidence of poor sleep quality was noted among the healthcare professionals who participated in this study. Out of 160 healthcare professionals, 93(58.1%) of the population was females, while 67(41.9%) were males. The majority of participants (p<0.05) were between the ages of 20 and 30 years, followed by 31 to 40 years and 41 to 50 years. A significant proportion of the population (p<0.05) belonged to the unmarried group, followed by the married, separated, and divorced with a percentage of 60.6, 36.2, 2.5 and 0.6%, respectively. Moreover, 84.4% (135/160) of healthcare professionals (p<0.05) had a previous history of sleep disorders. Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) score system was used to analyze the intensity of sleep disorders and insomnia in the affected persons and it was found that most of the participants were diagnosed with subthreshold insomnia (38.8%). Conclusion: The study elucidated that there was a significantly higher incidence of sleep disturbances and insomnia, in healthcare professionals working in Covid-19 care units.

Purpose: To measure angle of anterior chamber with Gonioscopy and compare with anterior segment OCT. Study Design:  Descriptive observational study. Place and Duration of Study:  This study was conducted at the Department of Ophthalmology, Pakistan institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad from 1st March 2021 to 31st August 2021. Methods:  A total number of 102 patients participated in the study. Study included participants older than 30 years of age, of either gender, who were either diagnosed as a case of angle closure-Glaucoma or were angle closure-Glaucoma suspect. Sampling was done using convenient sampling technique. The selected patients underwent gonioscopy and the anterior segment OCT and the grades of the angle were determined. Grading was compared between the two techniques. The collected data was analyzed by using SPSS 23 version. Result:  The mean age of patients was 59.16 ± 6.03 years. Out of 102 patients, 34 (33.3%) patients were male and 63 (66.7%) patients were female. The mean intraocular pressure was 17.80 ± 4.25 (mmHg). The accuracy of angle closure detection by Gonioscopy was 35.3% and by anterior segment, OCT was 60.8%. The p value was significant in both the groups. The Anterior segment OCT turned out to be better than Gonioscopy. Conclusion:  Anterior segment OCT is more efficient in determination of angle of anterior chamber than gonioscopy. Using anterior segment OCT to examine anterior chamber angle and surrounding tissues helps in diagnosing early stages of disease and directing therapy.

We present frequency of ocular symptoms in COVID-19 patients in Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), Islamabad. A total of 333 admitted patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were included. Patients were enquired and examined for any ocular symptoms that developed along with COVID-19. The results were stratified by sex, age, comorbidities, High Resolution CT (HRCT) and condition of conjunctiva. Data was analyzed using SPSS 28.0.1.1. Chi square test was performed to measure the p value of the reported eye symptoms. Out of the 333, 81 subjects fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Forty-six patients (56%) were females and 52 patients out of 81 (64.2%) reported redness of conjunctiva. A positive relationship between the COVID-19 and the frequency of eye symptoms was observed with p value of 0.001. A weak positive correlation between HRCT and conjunctiva was found through bivariate analysis (0.132).