Methylation states of DNA bases can be detected from native Nanopore reads directly. At present, there are many computational methods that can detect 5mCs in CpG contexts accurately by Nanopore sequencing. However, there is currently a lack of methods to detect 5mCs in non-CpG contexts. In this study, we propose a computational pipeline which can detect 5mC sites in both CpG and non-CpG contexts of plant genomes by using Nanopore sequencing. And we sequenced two model plants Arabidopsis thaliana (A. thaliana) and Oryza sativa (O. sativa) by using Nanopore sequencing and bisulfite sequencing. The results of our proposed pipeline in the two plants achieved high correlations with bisulfite sequencing: above 0.98, 0.96, 0.85 for CpG, CHG, and CHH (H indicates A, C or T) motif, respectively. Our proposed pipeline also achieved high performance on Brassica nigra (B. nigra). Experiments also showed that our proposed pipeline can achieve high performance even with low coverage of reads. Moreover, by using Nanopore sequencing, our proposed pipeline is capable of profiling methylation of more cytosines than bisulfite sequencing.

This article about the establishment of a transitional area for Covid-19, that is, all patients should have nucleic acid before admission in China, and only if they are negative can they be hospitalized. However, some patients are seriously ill and must be hospitalized quickly, so they need to be placed in the transitional area to wait for nucleic acid results, and then they can be transferred to the general ward. Positive cases are referred to another site for treatment. However, transitional area settings in China are different. Some hospitals set up a separate ward for critically ill patients to wait for nucleic acid, and wait for negative results before being transferred to the general ward. Some set up transition rooms in remote areas of each ward, waiting for nucleic acid negative before being transferred to the general room. Some are in the emergency room waiting for nucleic acid results, if negative then transferred to the general ward. In my article, I have selected three transitional modes, compared the advantages and disadvantages, and selected the best one. Although the harm of Covid-19 is gradually becoming less serious, this best transitional setting model also provides a certain reference for the management of emerging infectious diseases in the future.