Neonatal gastric perforation (NGP) is a rare life-threatening condition among preterm infants. NGP can occur secondary to necrotizing enterocolitis, distal obstruction, or as a result of gastric tube insertion. Sleeve gastrectomy can be a possible therapeutic option for multiple neonatal gastric perforations.

Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis (XGC) is a rare benign chronic inflammatory disease of the gallbladder that often presents as cholecystitis and can mimic gallbladder carcinoma. Distinguishing XGC from gallbladder cancer preoperatively is challenging. We present a case of a 62-year-old male who presented with features of carcinoma gallbladder in the CECT abdomen and MRCP. Intraoperatively, there was a mass in the gallbladder and extension into the adjacent structures with involvement of the hepatic artery, 1st part of the duodenum, portal vein, and hepatic flexure of the colon, and thus a palliative cholecystectomy was done. The histopathological report came out as XCG. The case aims to outline the clinical presentation of XGC and differentiate it from carcinoma gallbladder.

Introduction: Anaemia is one of the common health problems of pregnant women and children in developing countries. Anaemia in pregnancy is related to poor foetal and maternal outcomes contributing to significant morbidity and mortality. Anaemia is a treatable and preventable condition. The objective of this study was to find out the prevalence of anaemia in pregnant women visiting the Obstetric Department of a tertiary care centre. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among the pregnant women visiting the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of a tertiary care centre for their antenatal checkup. The study was conducted from 2 November 2022 to 11 November 2022 after obtaining ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 11(6-11)E2/079/080). Pregnant women with a history of blood transfusion, anaemia of chronic disease like chronic kidney disease, history of recurrent bleeding, and referral cases from other centres were excluded from the study. Serum haemoglobin was used for diagnosing anaemia according to criteria given by the World Health Organization. Convenience sampling was used. Point estimate and 95% Confidence Interval were calculated. Results: Among 442 pregnant women, the prevalence of anaemia was 24 (5.43%) (3.32-7.54, 95% Confidence Interval). Conclusions: The prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women was lower in comparison to other studies done in similar settings.

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Introduction and importance: Bone metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is usually seen in the course of advanced intrahepatic HCC. Isolated bone metastasis as an initial manifestation of HCC is uncommon. Case presentation: The authors report a case of a 68-year-old male with a history of chronic alcohol consumption who presented with epigastric pain, abdominal distension, and a hard, tender lump on the right posterolateral aspect of his back. Investigation revealed HCC with isolated metastasis to the posterior thoracic wall. Clinical discussion: HCC usually develops secondary to chronic hepatitis B and C infection in the background of chronic liver disease. Common presenting symptoms of bone metastasis include local pain, neurological manifestations, palpable subcutaneous masses, and pathological fractures. An immunohistochemistry analysis is important to differentiate HCC from non-HCC metastasis in patients without known underlying HCC. Treatment is often directed towards palliative care as the prognosis is poor. Conclusion: An isolated rib mass can be an initial presentation of metastatic HCC. Thus, HCC with bone metastasis should be considered in the differential diagnosis in patients presenting with painful swelling in the thoracic region.