Moisturizer is a major component of basic daily skin care, particularly in presence of epidermal barrier alteration and reduced epidermal water content. It is an important part of a dermatologist's strategy to maintain skin health as well as treating various dermatoses which co-exist with skin dryness and are linked to impaired skin barrier function, such as in atopic disorders as well as other types of dermatitis. Mastering the knowledge regarding mechanism of action, application, dosage, adverse effects as well as specific clinical usage of moisturizers is a must for a dermatologist in order to support their use, particularly for evidence-based, therapeutic purposes. This review discusses the use of moisturizer both for skin health maintenance as well as a definitive or adjuvant therapy for many kinds of dermatitis.

Batik is a traditional east-Asian textile printing technique. Artisans are increasingly exposed to synthetic dyes because they are easier and quicker to use than natural (plant-based) dyes. METHODSWe examined 222 workers employed by 16 small enterprises in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Of these workers, nine were suspected of having occupation-related allergic contact dermatitis. All nine workers were patch tested with the European baseline series (Chemotechnique Diagnostics, Vellinge, Sweden), a textile series (Chemotechnique Diagnostics), and the following additional allergens relevant to the batik industry: paraffin (molecular weight ranges 250-400 Da), 1 brown indigosol, soga, and indanthrene in the concentrations and vehicles indicated in Table 1. The patches were covered with Hypafix tape; Vivomed, Northern Ireland, UK and occluded for 48 hours. The results were read at day (D) 3 and D4, T A B L E 1 Patch test results among nine subjects suspected of having occupation-related allergic contact dermatitisMaterials to which workers were exposed Allergen Concentration tested (% pet.) Positive patch test a CAS no.

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Fixed Drug Eruption (FDE) is a common cutaneous adverse drug reaction. It is characterized by recurrent lesion in the same anatomical area followed by drug rechallenge. Although NSAIDs are common agents that cause drug eruptions, piroxicam is rarely reported as the causative agent of FDE in Indonesia. Piroxicam is widely used in this region for various symptoms of joint pain. We report a piroxicam-induced FDE case in this article.