The use of functional jaw orthopedics, at the correct time during growth, can ultimately result in malocclusion patients achieving a broad beautiful smile, an excellent functional occlusion, a full face with a beautiful jaw line and lateral profile. Following is a case report of a young growing individual with mandibular retrognathia. Treatment was planned in two stages with the use of twin block during the first phase for correction of skeletal malocclusion and forward positioning of the mandible, followed by the second phase of fixed pre-adjusted edgewise orthodontic appliance for camouflaging the remaining skeletal discrepancy and achieving a stable harmonious occlusion.

Anchorage has been a worrisome factor since the origin of orthodontics. Many modalities have been suggested in the scientific literature like extraoral anchorage with head gears, Intraoral anchorage with Nance palatal arches and reinforcement of anchorage units with addition of second molars, etc. Yet, the specialty of orthodontics did not find a solution for this problem until the introduction of miniimplants. Orthodontic implants are different from the ones used for prosthetics as there is no osseointegration. Mini-implants provide absolute anchorage and have revolutionized the field of orthodontics. This article reviews the indication, contraindications and their clinical applications in orthodontics.

The present work deals with plastic deformation of 316L austenitic stainless steel (ASS) using room temperature rolling process. After solution treatment (annealing) as-received 316L ASS has been rolled for up to 90% of thickness reduction. To investigate the effect of processing on mechanical properties microstructural study, tensile and hardness tests have been conducted. The ultimate tensile strength has been improved from 767 MPa (before deformation) to 1420 MPa (after 90% deformation), and hardness value has been increased from 208 VHN (before deformation) to 449 VHN (after 90% reduction). Magnetic measurements and XRD characterization have been performed to confirm the formation of martensitic phase. Finite element analysis have also been simulated employing DEFORM-3D software to get the insight about deformation behavior. Keywords: Room temperature rolling, Finite Element Analysis, Mechanical properties, Austenitic stainless steel.

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