A variety of microbes exists throughout the human body and have fundamental role in human health. Studies have revealed that human microbiome of every healthy individual differs remarkably in the matter of different varieties of microbes. In the body, these microbes are present in different parts such as skin, nasal cavity, oral cavity, gut and vagina and therefore stay in different habitats. Some microbes that colonize humans are commensal, whereas others have a mutualistic relationship with the host. These interactions are important for human to grow and stay healthy. This mini-review describes about the microbes present in different human habitats and their roles in keeping the person healthy.

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is an enzymatic reaction whose efficiency and sensitivity largely depend on the efficiency of the primers that are used for the amplification of a concerned gene/DNA fragment. Selective amplification of nucleic acid molecules initially present in minute quantities provides a powerful tool for analyzing nucleic acids. In silico method helps in designing primers. There are various programs available for PCR primer design. Here we described designing of primers using web-based tools like "Primer3" and "Web Primer". For designing the primer, DNA template sequence is required that can be taken from any of the available sequence databases, e.g., RefSeq database. The in silico validation can be carried out using BLAST tool and Gene Runner software, which check their efficiency and specificity. Thereafter, the primers designed in silico can be validated in the wet lab. After that, these validated primers can be synthesized for use in the amplification of concerned gene/DNA fragment.

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Glimepiride sulfonamide (GS) is a drug intermediate to synthesize glimepiride (antidiabetic drug). We hypothesized that GS exerts gluco-regulatory effect because GS is comprised of the structural components of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors sitagliptin and DPP-728and glimepiride (sulfonylurea based antidiabetic drug).We analyzed the drug-likeness and docking efficiency of GS with DPP-IV using in silico tools. Also DPP-IV inhibition assays were conducted in vitro. Gluco-regulatory potential and parameters of drug safety were evaluated on normal euglycemic and streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. We observed strong drug-likeness and DPP-IV binding efficiency of GS. Similarly, profound DPP-IV inhibition was also observed in vitro. Studies on euglycemic and STZ induced diabetic rats revealed antidiabetic potential for GS without significant change in the studied toxicological parameters. Glimepiride sulfonamide has antidiabetic potential mainly through DPP-IV inhibition, but also through insulin stimulation and alpha-amylase inhibition.