The first and most decisive step in bacterial infections is the adherence to the host. Trimeric autotransporter adhesins (TAAs) are widely represented in alpha-, beta-, and gammaproteobacteria and play important roles in bacterial pathogenicity (23). TAAs build a characteristic trimeric, lollipop-like surface structure and share a modular organization composed of different domains. These domains, called membrane anchor, stalk, neck, and head, are conserved modules which are present in nearly all TAAs (18,23) (Fig.

Long-term therapy with MMF or tacrolimus generally was well tolerated by patients with AIH. The agents were equally effective in previous complete responders who did not tolerate SOC therapy. Tacrolimus led to a complete response in a greater proportion of previous nonresponder patients compared with MMF.

Our study supports the efficacy of tacrolimus in steroid-refractory UC. Purine analogues appear to be beneficial for the long-term outcome of these patients.

A multimodal approach with the participation of specialists from various disciplines can further reduce the rate of postoperative infection. A reduction to zero is not realistic and is not supported by available evidence.

BackgroundDisseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a very rare complication of disseminated cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. So far it is mainly described for immunocompromised patients.Case presentationA 49-year-old immunocompetent Caucasian male presented with sudden onset of fever and DIC due to primary CMV infection, which was treated with Valganciclovir. CMV-specific IgG-avidity and epithelial cell-specific neutralisation-capacity developed five weeks after onset of symptoms. We describe the first case of an immunocompetent patient suffering from DIC due to a CMV primary infection successfully treated with Valganciclovir.ConclusionsPrimary CMV infection can occur accompanied with life threatening complications even in immunocompetent patients. Immediate treatment with Valganciclovir should be considered as an early treatment of choice in severe cases since specific neutralisation capacity might need several weeks to develop.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12879-016-1343-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.