Efforts to reduce CO2 emissions in road transportation will lead to an estimated thirty fold increase of the number of EVs by 2030, and consequently an estimated 12.85 million tons of Li-ion batteries from EVs will go offline between 2021 and 2030. Therefore, end-of-life, waste management schemes should be put in place to successfully deal with the battery 'waste'. Knowing full well that bringing down the levels of GHG emissions in the atmosphere is the only way to truly mitigate the destructive effects of climate change and the recycling industry has an important role to play in the effort, this paper aimed at reviewing different Li-ion EV battery recycling procedures. The findings showed that recycling Li-ion batteries helps prevent the shortage of critical minerals from a mass flow perspective, however, from an environmental perspective, the current available technologies are not recommended to recover the base materials from Li-ion batteries since they lead to more consumption of energy and higher air emissions than primary production.

Conventional transradial access has been considered as a recommended choice in PCI and myocardial revascularization.The vascular complications such as radial artery occlusion, perforation and spasm have led to the development of a new approach, which was proposed to overcome these limitations. This was a distal transradial approach (snuffbox approach).Aim. The efficacy of distal transradial approach (dTRA) as an alternative approach in a high-risk patient.A 74-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with oppressive chest pain and dyspnea formore than 3 hours.On clinical examination, the patient appeared pale and diaphoretic, with weak and rapidpulsation and systolic blood pressure below 70mmHg. A 12 lead ECG lead was performed, whichshowed ST segment elevation of 4 mm in inferior lead.She was admitted to the catheterization laboratory with blood pressure 70/40mmhg andnorepinephrine vasopressor support. A 6Fr introducer sheath was placed in distal radial (anatomical snuffbox). The coronary angiography revealed RCA with acute total occlusion and high thrombotic burden TIMI 5 in proximal segment,normal LMCA, LAD and Circumflex. RCA was engaged with a guide catheter and advanced distally a floppy guidewire, then the occlusion site was predilated with a balloon and advanced stent from proximal segment with TIMI3 final flow. 2D transthoracic echocardiography was performed, and it showed heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction and hypokinesia of the inferior wall.Distal transradial access is a new approach which might offer several advantages over conventional radial access such as reduction of the risk of radial artery occlusion, short hemostasis andsaving the radial artery for possible future coronary artery graft.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) increases an individual's risk of stroke by 4 to 6 times on average. The risk increases with age. In people over 80 years old, AF is the direct cause of 1 in 4 strokes. In these cases, anticoagulation therapy is recommended for primary prevention and secondary stroke prevention. Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) such asRivaroxaban are preferred over Vitamin K antagonists (VKA), according to the latest guidelines. To present interesting and challenging cases from the clinical practice and discuss use of Rivaroxaban in primary and secondary prevention in patients with AF and stroke.In November 2022 we organized a two-day workshop, under the auspices of the pharma company Bayer d.o.o. Ljubljana-Representative Office Skopje, Macedonia. Neurology and Cardiology residents presented 10 clinical cases, under the mentorship of respective specialists, experts in their fields. Clinical features, laboratory analysis, neuroimaging findings and contemporary management of each case were discussed in detail. Designated mentors presented the latest guidelines and recommendations regarding use of Rivaroxaban in primary and secondary prevention in patients with AF and stroke.Below we present 10 clinical cases and describe in detail their physical and neurological condition, laboratory and imaging findings and therapeutic approach.

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The world's economic growth has lea to increased energy needs that have to be satisfied with higher electricity production from both conventional and renewable energy sources. Due to the reduced fossil fuel stocks as well as environmental pollution caused by conventional power plants priority is given to the expansion of renewable energy sources. Motivated by the need to study the competitiveness, eco-friendliness and reliability of renewable energy, research was conducted on the effect that different energy types have on the environment, population, and economy. The aim of this paper is to analyze the ethical dilemmas of renewable energy as constraints for increasing the renewable energy share in the generation of electricity and replacement of fossil fuels, considering the production process intensity, noble materials depletion, and climate change caused. The extensive analysis showed that although renewable energy is in principle a clean and inexhaustible energy source, it can cause burdens on nature and society.