Faculty of Natural and Technical Sciences and Faculty of Medical Sciences starting from December 2012, launched joint study in order to investigate personal noise exposure and associated health effects in general school teachers population, starting from kindergartens up to high schools in Stip, Macedonia.In order to determine workplace associated noise exposure and associated health effects in this specific profession, a full shift noise exposure of 40 teachers from 1 kindergarten, 2 primary and 2 high schools were measured in real conditions using noise dosimeters.A-weighted equivalent-continuous sound pressure levels (LAeq) of each teacher were recorded during single activities (classes). Normalized 8-hours exposure, termed the noise exposure level (L ex,8 h ) was also computed. Daily noise dose is another descriptor for noise exposure that was determined as a measure of the total sound energy to which workers have been exposed, as a result of working in the varying noise levels.Health effects were assessed trough a full scale epidemiological study which included 231 teachers from the same schools. Specific questionnaire was used to extract information about subject's perception on occupational noise exposure, as well as theirs occupational and medical history.
The total operating costs of each mine largely depend on the method of mining. Therefore, the appropriate choice of the method of mining excavation is very important and great attention is paid to this issue. There are several procedures for the selection of the mining method, among which the most important and most commonly used numerical method is the UBC methodology for the selection of the mining method. According to this methodology, the choice of the method of mining excavation is based on the mining-geological parameters of the ore and adjacent rocks. In this paper, the UBC methodology for the selection of the mining excavation method for a specific case will be applied. According to this methodology, it was obtained that Cut and Fill method is best ranked for specific conditions and the most appropriate way of mining.
Multi-criteria decision making is widely used in mining to solve a variety of problems, as well as to support the mine planning and design process. The choice of the mining method of excavation for underground exploitation is a very complex and responsible matter, and support in the application of multi-criteria decision-making methods are of great importance of making the final decision. This paper will present the scientific methodology for the mining method selection by the application of VIKOR method, which gives the results of compromise alternatives.
The construction of underground mining facilities is of essential importance to the exploitation of mineral resources. Confirmation of this is the fact that construction costs of main mining facilities occupy 40 -60% of the underlying investments in mine construction and equipping. The main underground mining facilities are: shafts, drifts, raise, pump chambers, warehouses etc. This paper presents a detailed analysis of an underground mining facility -drift construction costs per individual working operations, following their change which depends on the rock type and profile size of the underground mining facility, as well as possibilities for reducing these costs.
In order for any community is to formulate an integrated solid waste management program, accurate and reliable data on waste composition and quantities are essential. Such data will encourage well-organized and smoothly functioning recycling programs; foster the optimal design and operation of materials recovery facilities and municipal incinerators; and, ultimately, reduce the amount of waste generated and keep the overall waste management costs low.In order to apply it more effective strategy for waste management that will be suitable for human health and environmental, practice is to perform classification of waste.In this paper will be present several protocols for sampling of municipal solid waste (MSW) to determine its composition.
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