In recent years, numerous studies comparing intuition and deliberation have been published. However, until now relatively little is known about the cognitive processes underlying the two decision modes. Therefore, we analyzed processes of information search and integration using eye-tracking technology. We tested hypotheses derived from dual-process models which postulate that intuition and deliberation are completely distinct processes against predictions of interventionist models. The latter assume that intuitive and deliberate decisions are based on the same basic process which is supplemented by additional processes in the deliberate decision mode. We manipulated decision mode between-participants by means of instructions and participants completed simple and complex city-size tasks as well as complex legal inference tasks. Our findings indicate that the instruction to deliberate does not necessarily increase levels of processing. We found no difference in mean fixation duration and the distribution of short, medium and long fixations. Instruction-induced deliberation led to a higher number of fixations, a more complete information search and more repeated information investigations. Overall, the data support interventionist models suggesting that decisions mainly rely on automatic processes which are supplemented by additional operations in the deliberate decision mode.

Abstract. People believe women are more emotional than men but it remains unclear to what extent such emotion stereotypes affect leadership perceptions. Extending the think manager-think male paradigm ( Schein, 1973 ), we examined the similarity of emotion expression descriptions of women, men, and managers. In a field-based online experiment, 1,098 participants (male and female managers and employees) rated one of seven target groups on 17 emotions: men or women (in general, managers, or successful managers), or successful managers. Men in general are described as more similar to successful managers in emotion expression than are women in general. Only with the label manager or successful manager do women-successful manager similarities on emotion expression increase. These emotion stereotypes might hinder women’s leadership success.

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In recent years, numerous studies comparing intuition and deliberation have been published. However, relatively little is known about the cognitive processes underlying the two decision modes. In two studies, we analyzed the effects of decision mode instructions on processes of information search and integration, using eye-tracking technology in a between-participants (Study 1) and a within-participants (Study 2) design. Our findings indicate that the instruction to deliberate does not necessarily lead to qualitatively different information processing compared to the instruction to decide intuitively. We found no difference in mean fixation duration and the distribution of short, medium and long fixations. Short fixations in particular prevailed under both decision mode instructions, while long fixations indicating a conscious and calculation-based information processing were rarely observed. Instruction-induced deliberation led to a higher number of fixations, a more complete information search and more repeated information inspections. We interpret our findings as support for the hypothesis that intuitive and deliberate decision modes share the same basic processes which are supplemented by additional operations in the deliberate decision mode.

Nina Horstmann widmet sich in diesem Beitrag der Frage, wie die Zusammenarbeit zwischen Kunst und Wissenschaft in Forschung und Lehre - die stetig an Popularität gewinnt - gestaltet werden kann. Immer häufiger werden Vertreter*innen künstlerischer Disziplinen in wissenschaftliche Forschungsprojekte mit eingebunden - und umgekehrt. Gerade bei der Bearbeitung von globalen Problemen wie dem Klimawandel wird in diesem Austausch ein hohes Potenzial gesehen, da deren Komplexität eine Vielzahl an Sichtweisen und Expertisen erforderlich macht. Allerdings sind die Vorstellungen davon, wie eine gewinnbringende Zusammenarbeit zwischen Kunst und Wissenschaft in der akademischen Forschung aussieht und welche Ergebnisse erwartet werden können, oft vage und uneinheitlich. In diesem Kapitel werden ein Einblick in dieses Themenfeld geboten, theoretische und praktische Ansätze vorgestellt und Anregungen für ein Arbeiten zwischen Kunst und Wissenschaft gegeben.