No abstract

Science as a way of rational cognition solves the problem of creating an objective picture of the world. The methodological principles of the study allow scientists to formulate the basic laws of the development of the universe. But there are such objects of science for the study of which a special methodology is required. One of such complex objects of knowledge is human consciousness. The difficulty that scientists and philosophers encounter when studying it is that consciousness is the subject of its own knowledge. Human's consciousness is not only the result of the evolution of nature, but also the main tool for knowing its laws. A human in the scientific picture of the world appears as the highest stage of the evolution, and the boundary between animals and man is the consciousness. But, it is possible that this boundary is conditional, and the consciousness and the entire spiritual life of a person have completely material, that is natural foundations. Our paper is devoted to the discussion of this topic.

В статье представлен анализ основных тенденций, оказывающих влияние на современный рынок труда, в особенности на профессиональное самоопределение молодежи. Представлены результаты социологического исследования, проведенного в 2021 году среди населения в возрасте 14-35 лет, проживающего в десяти регионах России. Сделаны выводы о том, что городская молодежь демонстрировала более высокие притязания, чем сельская, чаще выражала готовность к обучению и выше оценивала необходимость для успешности на рынке труда таких качеств, как умение принимать решения, высокий уровень антиципации, сила личности, высокий уровень саморегуляции и работоспособности. По остальным параметрам оценки различались не существенно. Повсеместно развивающаяся цифровизация уравнивает возможности молодежи разных населенных пунктов, облегчая доступ к информации, знаниям и трудоустройству. У городской и сельской молодежи наблюдаются схожие взгляды на восприятие процесса цифровой трансформации экономики, развитие рынка труда и роли молодых людей в мире будущих профессий. Они не видят больших рисков для себя в будущем, достаточно высоко оценивают значимость надпрофессиональных навыков, необходимых для обеспечения конкурентоспособности в условиях цифровизации и выражают готовность трудиться в компаниях, активно внедряющих цифровые технологии.

Professional activity of a person is one of the main factors of his successful socialization. Therefore, a special place in the formation of a young person is occupied by his professional selfdetermination. There are many factors that influence a person’s choice, but the main ones among them are his “inner voice”, worldview, life priorities.

The paper is devoted to the study of material artefacts accidentally found in various areas of Omsk region for the purpose of argumentation or refutation of some pages of settlement of the territory of the region in the 18-19 th centuries. The active settlement of the territory of the present Omsk region began at the beginning of the 18 th century. Servicemen, Cossacks, immigrants, and exiles who came to a new place not only quickly adapted to the local climate, harsh Siberian conditions, but also introduced their knowledge, traditions, and experience to the life of a small local population. The paper presents some objects depicting the coat of arms of the Russian Empire confirming that despite the distance from the capital the uniforms and insignia of branch made by key producers were regularly delivered and actively used by the population. The military attributes of the 18-19 th centuries found by the author and presented in the paper indicate the active presence of the representatives of military units here. The discovered remains of a dugout away from rural areas and villages indicate that despite the harsh living conditions, there were many people who could survive in a relative isolation and even absolutely alone. The authors tried to argue some facts of the history of invasion and development of the territory of Omsk region, as well as its settlements through specific artifacts. The presented sources not only replenish collections and museum exhibits, but also provoke interest in historical research and contribute to constructive controversy.