No abstract

The paper investigates various approaches to an environmental policy regarding drinks containers in Georgia. Currently, most of the waste containers are landfilled or pollute the environment through littering, and separate collection and recycling of drinks containers are almost nonexistent. The Association Agreement with the EU, which entered into force in July 2016, stipulates the development of up-to-date waste management activities in this transition country. In accordance with the legal framework, this mini-review proposes an EPR policy for Georgia, based on the waste hierarchy. Various approaches for such an EPR policy are reviewed as regards their feasibility for a transition country, but in particular with regard to incentive compatibility: the policy should guide producers and consumers to comply with the regulations. Some cost estimates demonstrate the financial feasibility of the recommended solution. Practical experiences from Austria, Bulgaria, France and Germany provide a European context.

Metaplastic processes represent the transformation of one type of cell into another type within the same tissue. It belongs to the group of adaptive-compensatory processes that develop in response to changed environmental conditions, hormonal stimulation or the development of inflammatory processes. Because its development is directly or indirectly accompanied by the tumorogenesis, they Georgian Scientists/ . 5 N 2, 2023 287 are considered as a pre-cancer condition with different potential for malignancy. The type of metaplasia depends on the type of target tissue itself. AgNOR/The Nucleolar Organizer Regions stands for Nucleolar Organizer Regions and are loops of DNA that project beneath the nucleolars of mitotic interphase nuclei. Increased amounts of AgNOR are associated with increased cell proliferation. The aim of the study was to evaluate the proliferative activity of different types of metaplasias of the cervix using AgNor technology. Based on the results of our research, we can assume that the mentioned technology can be used in routine practice as an aid to evaluate proliferative activity during cervical metaplastic processes.