Achillea millefolium (Asteraceae) is a permanent herb highly recognized in traditional medicine for its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammation properties. However, studies on phytochemical constituents of A. millefolium underlying these properties are scarce. The present work focuses on examining the effect of methanol extract of A. millefolium L. on total and differential blood cells account on albino male mice. The results showed the methanol extract increased the account of lymphocyte, and monocyte cells, and total account as well as this extract showed high decrease in the oxidative stress of MTX after the interfere between the extract and MTX due to increase in the leucocyte cells compared with controls. Concluded from these results that methanol extract of A. millefolium has ability enhancement in leucocyte cells in the blood and it has detoxification effect of MTX.

Cytarabine (Ara-C) is widely used as an effective chemotherapeutic agent, essentially in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. Albino male mice (Mus musculus) are used in this study to determine in vivo toxicity of the drug on spermatogenesis and sperm abnormality. Mice are divided into two groups; the experimental group received a dose of 0.33 mg/kg/day Ara-C for seven days, while the control group received normal saline for 7 days. Results indicated a significant increase in head abnormalities percentage (p≤ 0.05) in comparison to control group. Testosterone hormone concentration was significantly decreased (1.14 ± 0.12) ng/ml in treatment group in comparison with control group (2.41± 0.22) ng/ml. Histopathological changes revealed detectable spermatogenesis degeneration. Treatment caused spermatocytes disruption, presence of necrotic cells and appearance of spermiophages with slought cells in several seminiferous tubules. Leydig cells morphology are mostly intact; however, interstitial area appeared hypercellular. It is concluded that Ara-c exposure highly destructive to seminiferous tubule epithelium, which may lead in depressed mice fertility.

Most of the currently used cancer therapeutics are natural products. These agents were generally discovered based on their toxicity to cancer cells using various bioassays. Ficus religiosa (FR) plant is important medicinal plant and traditionally used to treat various diseases including mastitis, otitis media, pharyngolaryngitis, urethritis, dysmenorrhea and diabetic. Accordingly, it was aimed to investigate the cytotoxic effect of Ficus religiosa chloroform extract on Patch1 and Gli2 gene expression in Hedgehog pathway and Id1, Id2 and Id3 genes expression in inhibition differentiation pathway on prostate cancer cells, which are resistance to docetaxel (PC3-TxR) in vitro. Chloroform extract of Ficus religiosa plant leaves was performed to tested cytotoxic effect on PC3-TxR by using Sulforhod-amine-B assay and its ability to inhibition genes expression on PC3-TxR cells by using RT-PCR assay. The results showed that F. religiosa chloroform extract display high cytotoxic effect (IC50= 0.3±0.02 mg/ml), and inhibition effect of Id2 and Id3 gene expression more than, Patch1 and Gli2 gene expression on PC3-TxR cells. The present study showed anticancer effect of F. religiosa chloroform extract which target Id pathway on PC3-TxR cells.