Due to the rise and rapid growth of E commerce the use ATM cards has drastically increased which caused an explosion in the ATM card frauds. In real life fraudulent transaction are scattered with genuine transactions Hence simple pattern matching techniques, for instance Personal Identification Number(PIN) are not enough to detect these frauds accurately. Implementation of efficient fraud detection system has become imperative to reduce people loss. Our project aims to prevent the use of ATM cards without the authorization of owner or card holder. At present the card can be accessed if the PIN is known. The amount withdrawn or transferred is notified by the card holder only after complete transaction .Hence the process can't be retrieved. But the project intimates the card owner before the transaction begins even if the PIN is known. This is limited only to card transaction and not to online mode. Hence the verification can be extended to online process.

Adipose tissue is not simply an inert storage depot for lipids but an important endocrine organ. It secretes many hormones called Adipocytokines which include Adiponectin, which increase insulin sensitivity, has anti-inflammatory and anti atherogenic properties. OBJECTIVES: To study serum Adiponectin levels in type II DM individuals and compare the results with healthy controls and also to study the effect of BMI and WHR on serum Adiponectin levels. MATERIALS AND METHOD: The study was carried out in seventy seven subjects who included 6 healthy male controls and 6 healthy female controls, 30 diabetic males and 35 diabetic female individuals. The healthy controls both male and female of age around 40 to 50 years (+5 years) were selected with no history of diabetes or hypertension. The study group were selected of the same age as the control group from the Outpatient Department, Diabetology unit, of our Medical College. Individuals Height, Weight and Waist Hip Ratio were measured and BMI was calculated with the formula -Weight in Kg/ Height in m². Estimation of serum Adiponectin with Human Adiponectin/Acrp 30 Immunoassay by Solid-phase ELISA which employs -Quantitative Sandwich Enzyme Immunoassay Technique. Plasma Glucose by GOD/POD method. RESULTS: The result shows that 1. Males have low levels of Adiponectin when compared to females which is not statistically significant and could be due to androgens like testosterone which inhibits the secretion of Adiponectin from adipocytes. 2. Comparison of serum Adiponectin levels in type 2 DM subjects and healthy controls shows statistically significant decrease in Serum Adiponectin levels (P Value < 0.05) in type II DM subjects. 3. Negative correlation between serum Adiponectin and WHR and BMI but it is not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Serum Adiponectin levels are decreased in Type II DM individuals. Adiponectin may be considered as one of the significant novel markers in future for detection of Diabetes and also administration of Adiponectin and regulation of its pathway represents a promising target for management of obesity, hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, Type II DM and vascular inflammation.

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BACKGROUND Background: A thorough pre-operative patient counselling plays a crucial role in the post-operative pain management. The primary objective was to study the effect of pre-operatively educating the patients about pain on the VAS in post-operative period. OBJECTIVE : A thorough pre-operative patient counselling plays a crucial role in the post-operative pain management. The primary objective was to study the effect of pre-operatively educating the patients about pain on the VAS in post-operative period. METHODS The study was done in 70 ASA grade I and II patients in two groups of 35 each, undergoing elective lower limb orthopaedic surgeries lasting for a period of less than 4 hours under spinal anaesthesia. RESULTS There was a statistically significant difference in the mean VAS scores at the 8th, 16th, and 24th hour post-operative period between the study and control groups. CONCLUSIONS Pre- operative education on pain helped the pain care team towards better planning of management strategies, and also the patients by reduced post- operative pain and thereby improved their general condition. CLINICALTRIAL a ICMR(Indian council of medical research) research project with STS Reference No-2016-02469.

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