ÖzBilgi ekonomisi çağında Ar-Ge faaliyetleri yapmak bir ihtiyaçtan ziyade zorunluluktur. İnovasyonun ve teknolojik gelişmenin ekonomik büyümenin merkezine taşınmasıyla birlikte Ar-Ge göstergeleri bir iktisadi gelişmişlik ölçütü olarak kullanılmaktadır. Firmaların ve ülke ekonomilerinin güçlü olması yeniliği ne kadar iyi ve ne kadar kısa zamanda yakaladıkları ile orantılıdır. Günümüz dünya ekonomisinde önemi her geçen gün artan yenilik faaliyetlerini teşvik etmek amacıyla devlet, özel sektöre doğrudan ve dolaylı yolla destek sağlamaktadır.Bu çalışmanın amacı, söz konusu teşviklerin ulusal bazda geliştirilen inovasyon üzerindeki etkisini OECD ülkeleri için 2016 yılı verilerini kullanarak yatay-kesit analiz yöntemi ile ölçmektir. Çalışmadan elde edilen ampirik sonuçlara göre, OECD ülkelerinde Ar-Ge teşviklerinin inovasyon üzerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir etkiye sahip olmadığı bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır. AbstractR&D activities in the age of knowledge economy are a necessity rather than a need. With the transfer of innovation and technological development to the center of economic growth, R&D indicators are used as a measure. The strengths of firms and economies are proportional to how well and how quickly they catch up with innovation. The government provides direct and indirect support to the private sector in order to promote innovation activities that are becoming increasingly important in today's World economy.The purpose of this study is to measure the impact of these incentives on innovation by using the cross-sectional analysis method for 2016 data of OECD countries. According to the empirical results obtained from the study, it was found that R&D incentives in OECD countries did not have a statistically significant effect on innovation.

This study aims to consider the relationship between aviation demand and economic growth in an empirical way. For this purpose, the Turkish data are used in light of the advances in time series estimation techniques. The results reveal that cointegration between the variables cannot be rejected. Aviation demand is found like a luxury good and economic growth tend to act as a constraint on demand conditions. Further, a positive real income shock in a structural vector error correction framework leads nearly one-to-one significant response in aviation demand. The forecast error variance decomposition findings give support to these results.

The aviation industry consists of many interrelated components and there are many factors that affect the functioning of these components. The Covid-19 epidemic, which has recently been exposed to the whole world, has left deep traces in the aviation industry. The narrowing of air transportation due to the effect of the epidemic brought along financial problems for the ground services component, which is responsible for the operational process. The aim of this study is to examine the financial effects of Covid-19 on ground handling services. For this purpose, the data of Çelebi Ground Handling Inc., which was determined as a sample company, between 2009-2020 were tested using the Entropy-Based TOPSIS Method. The criteria were weighted with the Entropy method and then the alternatives were classified with the help of the series created using the TOPSIS method. Five criteria were determined as "net sales, profit before interest, total assets, equity and number of employees". According to the results of the research, while the highest weighted criterion was total assets, 2018 was determined as the most successful year of the company in financial terms. It was observed that negative financial effects occurred in 2020 with the effect of the pandemic, but there were improvements again in 2021 and even a more successful financial performance compared to 2017.

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