No abstract

The availability of a genetically diverse gene pool is vitally important in varietal development. Molecular markers are being extensively utilized to explore the genetic diversity among native and exotic germplasm. This study was designed to reveal the genetic diversity and patterns of relationships among the 20 accessions/genotypes representative of basmati and non-basmati rice from the existing rice gene pool using RAPD markers. Employing RAPD, 17 decamer oligonucleotide primers directed the amplification of 116 fragments, out of which 101 were polymorphic (87.06%) while 15 fragments were monomorphic (12.93%). Similarity coefficients had ranged from 0.47 to 0.90. The average genetic similarity was calculated 0.68 (68%). In this study, the coarse rice genotypes showed more polymorphism (85.84%) than the fine rice genotypes (61.76%). Genotypes were clustered into 8 distinct groups: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, and H but two genotypes, i.e., Shadab and Kangni-27 showed divergence from all the genotypes of the groups. Therefore, these diverse genotypes may be included in future breeding programmes.

The purpose of this study is to explore various push and pull factors of internal migration in Balochistan, to get an insight to the social life of migrants and investigate the psychological issues along with their health status. The present study was Exploratory in nature. The Universe was selected as District Hubchowki, District Gwadar and District Turbat, Balochistan. The Population comprised on the heads of families (Male Member). The data was collected by Snowball Sampling Techniques. Research Instruments like Questionnaire and Observation used for data collection. The data analysis and Hypotheses Testing was conducted through statistical methods. The recommendations of the study were comprised of the increasing rate of rural to urban migration over the time in Pakistan reflect the urban bias government polices along with lack of planning and implementation of rural development programs and schemes in the country. It will provide meaningful future urban planning in the country as migration has vast socio-economic impact upon habitants of the country. All these factors have significant relationship with the internal migration.