Pneumopericardium is defined as a collection of air or gas in the pericardial cavity. It is a rare entity and spontaneous pneumopericardium is even rarer. It is a rare complication of tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus and just three cases have been reported so far.

Background: Intra Uterine Contraceptive Device is the most commonly used reversible method of contraception worldwide. Immediate PPIUCD insertion is labelled when intra uterine device is inserted within 10 minutes to 48 hours of expulsion of placenta. The objective of the study was to determine the proportion of women accepting PPIUCD, factors influencing its acceptance, to look for side effects like bleeding disturbances, expulsion, lost strings, pain abdomen and pelvic infection etc. and the drop-out rates for follow up after PPIUCD.Methods: This was an open prospective, and longitudinal study to assess the safety and acceptance of the Multi-load when inserted within 10 minutes to 48 hours of placental expulsion.Results: During the period of January 2015 to November 2015 there were total 1624 deliveries in the said period in the department of Obstetrics and gynaecology of GGS Medical College and Hospital Faridkot. Out of these 714 delivered by LSCS and 910 delivered Vaginally. After excluding 470 patients were counselled, only 97 (20.64%) accepted PPIUCD. Out of these 67 (69%) patients had post placental insertion. 15.4% underwent immediate postpartum insertion. 15.4% got PPIUCD with cesarean section. (25.77%) patients had missing threads/strings, 12 (12.37%) patients had mild pain and 9 women (9.27%) had excessive discharge.Conclusions: PPIUCD is cost effective and a very safe means of contraception. Postpartum period is the period when patient is highly motivated for contraception and can be easily counselled. PPIUCD has a huge potentiality and abundant scope in India and if widely used it will have a strong impact on population control and will prevent unplanned pregnancy and its sequelae.

Background: Adolescents are more vulnerable than adults to unplanned pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases including HIV/AIDS. Female adolescents have a higher risk of contracting an STD than their male counterparts. Hence creating awareness in them about reproductive health is the need of the hour.Methods: This was a cross sectional school based Study which was conducted in various schools of Faridkot city of Punjab where 400 Adolescent girls of class 11th and 12th age between 16-19 years, studying in English medium schools in district Faridkot through predesigned multiple choice questionnaires.Results: In our study, most of the girls (67%) were not aware about the meaning of reproductive health. Amongst contraceptive methods, 62.5% knew about condoms. The awareness about STDs was highest about HIV/AIDS (70.75%) and low (less than 20%) for other STDs. They also scored low about symptoms and route of transmission of STD’s. Only 17% of the girls knew about HPV vaccine. Attitude towards sex education was positive.Conclusions: Poor knowledge in girls about Reproductive Health and STDs (other than HIV/AIDS) is of serious concern. Therefore, education about reproductive health should be incorporated in the curriculum which should be given through teaching, interpersonal communication, television, health camps and specialist.

FRET is a process whereby energy is non-radiatively transferred from an excited donor molecule to a ground-state acceptor molecule through long-range dipole-dipole interactions 1 . In the present sensing assay, we utilize an interesting property of PDA: blue-shift in the UV-Vis electronic absorption spectrum of PDA (Figure 1) after an analyte interacts with receptors attached to PDA 2,3,4,7 . This shift in the PDA absorption spectrum provides changes in the spectral overlap (J) between PDA (acceptor) and rhodamine (donor) that leads to changes in the FRET efficiency. Thus, the interactions between analyte (ligand) and receptors are detected through FRET between donor fluorophores and PDA. In particular, we show the sensing of a model protein molecule streptavidin. We also demonstrate the covalent-binding of bovine serum albumin (BSA) to the liposome surface with FRET mechanism. These interactions between the bilayer liposomes and protein molecules can be sensed in real-time. The proposed method is a general method for sensing small chemical and large biochemical molecules. Since fluorescence is intrinsically more sensitive than colorimetry, the detection limit of the assay can be in sub-nanomolar range or lower 8 . Further, PDA can act as a universal acceptor in FRET, which means that multiple sensors can be developed with PDA (acceptor) functionalized with donors and different receptors attached on the surface of PDA liposomes.