ObjectiveTo compare medication adherence, pulmonary exacerbations, healthcare utilization, and costs for patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) who utilized a pharmacy‐based therapy management program to a matched control group. We hypothesized that patient management services would be associated with better medication adherence, and thus require fewer visits to the emergency room or hospitalizations.MethodsThis retrospective, observational cohort study used claims data from the MORE2 claims Registry®. The sample consisted of CF patients, aged 6+, who had ≥1 pharmacy claim for inhaled tobramycin, inhaled aztreonam, ivacaftor, or dornase alfa from 6/2/2014‐5/31/2015. Adherence was measured as proportion of days covered (PDC). Propensity score matching and multivariable regression techniques were used to compare outcomes in program participants to matched controls.ResultsOf the 236 intervention and 724 control patients meeting selection criteria, 202 were propensity‐matched from each cohort. Relative to the control cohort, program patients had 23% higher mean PDC for tobramycin (IRR = 1.23, P = 0.01) and were twice as likely to be adherent to tobramycin (PDC ≥ 80%) than matched controls (OR = 2.14, P = 0.04). Program patients had fewer ER visits (IRR = 0.52, P < 0.01) and slightly lower ER costs (IRR = 0.66, P = 0.06) than the control patients.ConclusionA pharmacy‐based therapy management program for CF patients was associated with higher adherence to inhaled tobramycin and lower ER rates. Pharmacies that provide therapy management can support effective CF care management.

SUMMARY The female urethra is a complicated tube into which open many ducts and glands, the homologue of the male prostate. It is frequently the site of infection giving rise to the well‐known syndrome of recurrent cystitis of women. The writers believe the infection is in the para‐urethral glands and therefore the condition is really a female prostatitis. A detailed analysis of 150 cases is presented. Diagnosis can be made accurately by a differential urethrovesical urinary cell count. The condition is not usually a serious one and rarely leads to upper urinary tract changes. The incidence of pyelonephritis in this series was 5–6 per cent. We are particularly indebted to Professor P. J. Collard, Dr R. M. Stirland and Dr T. Beswick of the Department of Bacteriology, and Professor A. C. P. Campbell, Professor of Pathology, University of Manchester, for all their interest and help. We are also very indebted to Dr H. W. Ashworth of the Department of General Practice of the University of Manchester for allowing us access to some of his records; to Dr W. M. C. Allen of the Altrincham General Hospital for the cysto‐urethrographic studies; and, as ever, to Dr R. G. W. Ollerenshaw and members of the staff of the Department of Medical Illustration of the Manchester Royal Infirmary for their help with the illustrations. We are also extremely grateful to the members of the nursing staff of the Manchester Royal Infirmary who so willingly acted as controls in the urinary cell count studies and to the Matron, Miss W. F. Morgan, for allowing the investigations to be carried out on members of her staff.

Background: Though medication adherence is essential for graft survival, non-adherence to immunosuppressants post kidney transplant is common (30-35%), potentially leading to poor quality of life and increased healthcare costs.

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Background: Though medication adherence is essential for graft survival, little is known about the impact of non-adherence on heart transplant survival.