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Global warming and changes in seasonal temperature can severely affect general circulation and precipitation distribution of a region. Therefore, it becomes essential to analyze seasonal trends in air temperature with changing climate. The present study evaluates the troposphere temperature extremes over India during different seasons. We intend to identify significant trends in temperature distribution in different regions of India using the Mann–Kendall test. Further, we have calculated indices concerning temperature extremes to infer about the nature of this monotonicity at four pressure levels on seasonal and annual basis. The temperature data being used in our analysis is obtained from the output of a Regional Climate Model version 4.6 (RegCM v4.6). The monthly temperature values are taken for 25 years (1982–2006) from the model output. We observed that the model captured temperature climatology is coherent with our theoretical analysis. Results of our study reveal a significant (p < 0.05) trend in TT during all the seasons in major parts of the country in lower troposphere. The upper troposphere, on the other hand, does not show any significant trend during most of the seasons. The identification of these changes can be useful for analysis of coastal vulnerability and extreme weather conditions.

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The demand for esthetics in dentistry is increasing day by day. Ceramics have been introduced to fulfil the requiremnets of the patient. With years, various modifications and improvements in ceramic in relation to properties and esthetics have been made. This review will put a light on the basic properties and esthetic ability of the ceramics so as to understand the basics of it.