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Friction stir welding (FSW) is extensively used to join aluminum alloys components for applications in structural, aviation and automotive sectors. In this investigation, the mechanical properties (tensile strength, percentage elongation, and microhardness), abrasive wear properties and microstructure of friction stir welded joint of AA6061-T6 were studied by inter-plate reinforcing of silicon carbide microparticles (µSiC) and silicon nitride microparticles (µSi 3 N 4). The friction stir welding was performed at different tool rotational speed (TRS) (750, 1000 and 1400 rpm) and welding speed of 56, 80 and 112 mm/min. The friction stir welded joint without reinforcement and with µSiC exhibited maximum tensile strength at two combinations of welding speed and tool rotational speed; one at welding speed of 112 mm/min, TRS of 1000 RPM and other at welding speed of 56 mm/min and TRS of 1400 rpm. It was realized that the reinforcement of µSiC and µSi 3 N 4 decreased the tensile properties of the welded joint but improved the abrasive wear and microhardness properties considerably in the stir zone. The reinforcement of µSiC during FSW demonstrated better tensile, microhardness and abrasive wear resistant properties than the FSW joints with µSi 3 N 4 reinforcement. The improvement in microhardness of the FSW joint reinforced with SiC and Si 3 N 4 microparticles is attributed to the pinning effect produced by the hard particles inclusions.

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This article elaborates a survey on water use events and activities in households. The survey inquires socioeconomic aspects, technology, processes and devices which may play an important role in these water use events. Processes like washing clothes and utensils, cooking refrigeration and heating are discussed. Devices like water purifiers, air-coolers, and toilets are qualitatively analyzed. Water use events such as bathing and brushing teeth are studied. The survey in online format and printed version was randomly responded by one hundred sixty people including fifty three family heads within city of Jodhpur, India. More than hundred respondents answered the online questionnaire from Mandi in north India, Delhi, the national capital territory and Jodhpur in west India. More than ninety per cent of the respondents were males. Climate of the regions mentioned above played a decisive role in water consumption. The general public was very much unaware of the policies of the government towards water conservation and management. Advertisements by vendors were found to misguide consumers providing importance to aesthetic features rather than technical specification. The implications of this study helps in becoming environmentally aware of how human actions affect the management of water and related energy use at households.