No abstract

3D Printing has been recognized as a disruptive technology for future advanced manufacturing system. With a great potential to change everything from our daily lives to the global economy, significant advances in 3D printing technology have been made with respect to materials, printers and processes. In this context ,although similar to 3D Printing technology,4D printing technology adds the fourth dimension of time.4D printing allows a printed structure to change its form or function in time and response to stimuli such as pressure , temperature, wind, water and light. recently, rapid advances in printing process and materials development for 3D printing have allowed the printing of smart materials or multi-materials designed to change function or shape. The basic principle of 4D printing with multi material structure is to create precisely controlled localized internal stress with in a printed construct, which upon subsequent stress release can undergo further 3D shape shifting in a predictable manner In this review, we look into the main factors composing 4D printing technology such as smart materials and design. Finally we summarize the current and future applications of 4D printing.

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract