This study validated the Hungarian version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Educators Survey on a sample of n = 211 elementary and secondary teachers. To test factorial validity, we ran a series of confirmatory analysis with eight models. The best fitting model was the bifactor model with general burnout and three specific factors: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment. Analyzing the covariates revealed that gender and age were not associated with burnout, but depressive symptoms and overcommitment had a significant relationship with general burnout, and overcommitment was related to emotional exhaustion as well.
Háttér és célkitűzésekKutatásunkban 10 és 14 év közötti serdülők körében vizsgáltuk 473 fős mintán a megküzdő stratégiák ismeretét, az adaptív stratégiák védő szerepét az átélt stresszel szemben, valamint az átélt stressz és depresszió összefüggéseit az iskolával kapcsolatos attitűdjeikkel. Témánk indokoltságát a serdülőkorban átélt nagyobb mértékű stressz, valamint az adaptív megküzdési stratégiáknak a stressz negatív hatásaival szembeni potenciális védő szerepe adja.MódszerKvantitatív és kvalitatív módszereket is használtunk két különböző időpontban. A kamaszoknál felmértük az általuk átélt stresszt, illetve a depressziót, továbbá a szubjektív egészségi panaszaikat és az iskolai kötődésüket. A megküzdő stratégiák ismeretét nyílt végű kérdéssel, majd a válaszok tartalomelemzésével kutattuk. Az összefüggéseket korrelációs és lineáris regressziós elemzéssel vizsgáltuk.EredményekAz iskolai stressz összefüggést mutatott a depresszióval és az észlelt tanári támogatással. Az iskolai kötődést a vizsgált változók közül egyedül a tanári támogatás magyarázta. Az iskolai stressz szignifikáns negatív kapcsolatban volt az iskolai kötődéssel keresztmetszeti és hosszmetszeti elrendezésben is. Mintánkban a leginkább ismert stresszkezelési technikák a fizikai aktivitás, a verbalitás/sírás/kiabálás, a fizikai pihenés/feltöltődés és a digitális világ technikáinak használata voltak, néhány vizsgálati személy az instrukció ellenére maladaptív stratégiákat is említett. A maladaptív stratégiák igénybevétele főként a fizikai aktivitással, a verbalitás/sírás/kiabálás használatával, illetve a digitális világ technikáinak igénybevételével mutatott együtt járást. Az adaptív stresszlevezető technikák mennyisége gyenge pozitív korrelációt mutatott a stresszel.KövetkeztetésekA tanároktól kapott támogatásnak kiemelten fontos szerepe lehet a serdülők által átélt stressz mértékének csökkentésében, illetve ezen keresztül a depressziójuk megelőzésében.Background and aimsWe investigated a sample of 473 adolescents aged 10–14 their knowledge about coping strategies, the protective role of adaptive coping against perceived stress and the relationship between perceived stress and depression of the adolescents with their attitudes to school. The importance of our topic comes from the fact that adolescents perceive higher stress levels, and from the adaptive coping strategies' potentially protective role against the negative effects of stress.MethodWe applied quantitative and qualitative methods at two different points in time. We measured the adolescents' perceived stress, depression, subjective health complaints and their school attachment. We investigated the knowledge about coping strategies using open-ended questions and content analysis. The relationships between variables were analysed using correlation and linear regression analysis.ResultsSchool stress was related to depression and the perceived support from teachers. The variance of school attachment was only explained by support from teachers. School stress was in a significant negative relationship with school attachment in both cross-sectional and longitudinal settings. The most known stress management techniques in our sample were: physical activity, verbalization/crying/shouting, physical relaxation, and utilization of the techniques of the digital word. A few participants mentioned maladaptive strategies as well despite the instruction. Utilization of the maladaptive strategies correlated mostly with physical activity, using verbalization/crying/shouting and the utilization of the techniques of the digital word. The amount of adaptive stress management techniques had a weak positive correlation with stress.ConclusionSupport from teachers might have an outstandingly important role in decreasing the level of perceived stress of adolescents and in preventing their depression.
Background Studies have focused more on the outcome than on the process of burnout. However, different teachers at different stages of the process may be present at the same time, which the current methods do not capture. We aimed to develop a new measurement tool for the burnout process among teachers based on grounded theory. Methods In this cross-sectional study we tested the Burnout Process Questionnaire on a convenience sample of teachers (n = 618, 83.9% women; mean age 44.52 years). We used confirmatory factor analyses to test our measurement model. We examined the concurrent validity with the burnout factors the Maslach Burnout Inventory questionnaire includes. We tested construct validity with depression, overcommitment, demographic characteristics and work-related factors. Results The confirmatory factor analyses supported our measurement model with seven primary factors (need to prove oneself, overload of tasks, neglecting one’s needs, conflict between values, interpersonal conflicts, passivity, and emotional drain) and three second-order factors (excessive effort, conflict, and total depletion). The covariates in the Maslach Burnout Inventory showed that emotional exhaustion had a strong relationship with the first- and second-order factors. Overcommitment showed a stronger relationship with factors at the beginning whereas depression showed a stronger relationship with factors at the end of the process. Demographic characteristics and work-related factors did not show strong associations. Conclusions The Burnout Process Questionnaire is a promising measurement tool with good convergent validity. It adds a new dimension to the measurement of burnout. The process approach to measuring burnout among teachers can guide future research and tailored prevention programs.
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