En Afrique, la notion de qualité nutritionnelle des oeufs de poules pondeuses semble être abstraite. Afin d'y remédier, cette étude vise à déterminer l'impact d'un régime supplémenté en graines de Euphorbia heterophylla sur la qualité nutritionnelle d'oeufs de poules pondeuses. A cet effet, vingt-quatre poules (ISA Warren) de 1,4 kg ont reçu durant 28 jours soit un régime contrôle (RC) (100% d'aliment commercial), soit un régime expérimental (R15) (80% de RC, 5% de complément minéral vitaminé et 15% de graines de Euphorbia heterophylla). Les dosages effectués ont montré que le régime R15 a conduit à une baisse significative des proportions d'acides gras saturés, monoinsaturés, polyinsaturés n-6 et a induit à une augmentation significative de la proportion en acides gras polyinsaturés n-3. Les proportions des acides gras C18:3 n-3, C20:5 n-3, C22:5 n-3 et C22:5 n-3 des jaunes des oeufs issus de R15 ont été multipliées respectivement par 31, 10, 4 et 3. Une réduction significative de 18% du taux de cholestérol total a été observée avec le régime expérimental R15. La consommation de ce type d'oeuf permettrait d'améliorer la prévention des maladies cardiovasculaires, principales causes de mortalité dans les pays africains à revenu faible ou intermédiaire.
A total of 144 French selected breed (Galor) female guinea fowl (GF) of 42 wk of age were enrolled for a feeding trial of 15, 30, and 45 D duration. The birds were randomly assigned to 18 cages, each containing 8 birds. A total of 3 isonitrogenous and isocaloric dietary treatments were trialed, each diet comprising 6 replications (cages), which meant a total of 48 birds per diet. The GF were fed either a control diet C (commercial diet “FACI ponte 20”, SIPRA, Ivory Coast, usually used for all poultry species) or the diet C supplemented with 5%
Euphorbia heterophylla
seeds (diet E) and the diet C supplemented with 5% Hevea seed meal (
Hevea brasiliensis
) (diet H). Animal performance were assessed for 3 periods (days 0 to 15, 0 to 30, and 0 to 45), and egg quality and composition were assessed at 15, 30, and 45 D of the trial. The results indicated no mortality during the trial. The laying rate was the highest (43.9%) with diet E and the lowest with diet C (32.5%), the laying rate with diet H being intermediate (38.5%). Diet E containing Euphorbia seeds led to a reduced cholesterol content of the eggs. Additionally, inclusion of Euphorbia seeds and, to a lesser extent, of the Hevea seed meal in the diet led to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid enriched GF eggs, with thereby, improved nutritional value. A sensory test did not find any difference between the 3 diets on trial.
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