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This article provides the healthcare assistant and assistant practitioner (HCA and AP) with an understanding of pulmonary embolism (PE). In order to offer care that is safe and effective, the HCA and AP must have an understanding of the anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system and the underlying pathophysiological changes. This article provides an overview of the respiratory system. The signs and symptoms are described, tests and investigations required to make a diagnosis are outlined. The person with a PE will experience respiratory and haemodynamic consequences. Treatment options are discussed. The prognosis for patients with PE depends on the underlying disease state, appropriate diagnosis and treatment. A glossary of terms is included.

This article provides the healthcare assistant and assistant practitioner (HCA and AP) with an overview of acute myocardial infarction (MI). The anatomy and physiology (including cardiac condition) are described. The role of cardiac muscle and the coronary arteries is outlined. In order to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with MI, the HCA and AP must have an understanding of the anatomy and physiology of the heart, the signs and symptoms of MI and the immediate care required by the patient. As well as the important physiological issues and the administration of prescribed drugs, the HCA and AP have a role to play in relieving anxiety and providing reassurance to the person and, if appropriate, his or her family. A glossary of terms is provided.