The information regarding fetal effects of acetazolamide use during pregnancy and lactation is sparse. We report the clinical and pharmacodynamic characteristics of maternal acetazolamide use and the timing of its effects on acid-base balance in three cases who presented with metabolic acidosis in the newborn period. We found that the infants’ clinical status soon after birth was inconsistently correlated with maternal drug dose and concentrations of medication in maternal serum. However, there was low transfer of the drug in breast milk and its use did not affect clinical symptomatology. We also present a review of literature on this subject to help consolidate our current knowledge on this topic.

The current study included two aspects, one of which is histological and the other physiological. It included (75) blood samples from women with breast cancer, in addition to (15) blood samples for healthy women as control, in addition to collecting tissue biopsy from the mammary glands of some women whose blood samples were drawn Including them in advance. Those diagnosed with breast cancer and ages ranged between 38-68 years, where the study was conducted from 1 May 2019 to 2 October 2019. Gland tissue and the owner of those tumours swelling of the axillary lymph nodes. Another cancer that was found was papillary carcinoma, where epithelial hyperplasia appeared in the form of large papillae that filled the cavity of the gland. There is a large number of white blood cells and severe hematoma. Another type  of gland cancer discovered is cribriform carcinoma, which is a rare case. Invasive cancer is the most dangerous, as it is observed in the glandular tissue with the presence of agglutination and crowding of tumour cells and tumour cysts. The study also showed haematological changes characterized by a highly significant concentration of Endothelin-1 (P< 0.01) in the blood of women with breast cancer group 5 and group 4, compared to the control group as a usual case. At the same time, there was a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the con- centration of Endothelin-1 in infected women in groups 3, 2 and 6 compared to the control group. The study showed a very significant decrease (P < 0.01) in the cholesterol concentration of women with breast cancer of group 5, and group 6 compared to the control group, while its level decreased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) in-group 4 compared to the control group.

In this study (40) mice were used from both sexes male and female and divided into experimental group and control, used (10) mice for each group treated with atenolol drug  and (10) mice as a control group, and the therapeutic doses of the drug determined in three concentrations (0.02, 0.04, and 0.07 mg/Kg) the drug given orally by gavage once daily for month, after that the animals dissected and the blood sample were taken by heart puncture, for measurement the concentration of total creatinine, and also kidney taking for histological study. The results showed significant increases in concentration of creatinine in two doses (0.04 and 0.07 mg/Kg) when compared with control group. In addition to presence of many histological damaging in kidney tissue, such as necrosis of cell lining tubule, heamorrhage and congestion have spreaded in tissue, as well as damaging in glomerulus.

Congenital toxoplasmosis is one of the most important causes of abnormalities and pathological changes in fetuses that cause miscarriage, fetal death, or the death of newborns, especially in farms animals. The research designed to study of the histological changes in the brain and the liver of sheep's fetuses that infected with Congenital Toxoplasmosis in in the third trimester of pregnancy. 32 fetuses where taken after slaughtering the mothers and then collect the brain and liver after confirming the infection by laboratory tests. The histological study showed that the brain suffering from congestion of blood vessels, hemorrhage and necrotizing areas surrounded with Glial cells, infiltration of leukocytes and the parasites tissue cysts. In the liver the lesions were sever necrosis, degeneration, dilatation of blood sinusoids and the tissue lost the characterizing appearance of liver tissue, the presence of the parasite in multiple areas surrounded with leukocytes and kupffer cells. We conclude from the current study that the parasite has a severe and destructive effects on the brain and liver tissues of sheep's fetuses, however pregnancy may continue to the last period and this explains the death of fetuses in late pregnancy or the death of lambs immediately after birth when they are congenitally infected with toxoplasmosis as a result of failure of Those organs to perform their vital functions.