Introduction: Several studies have demonstrated the effectiveness ofMTA as a promising material in Dentistry. There is a possibility thatthe Portland cement may provide the same results of MTA due to thesimilar composition of both materials. Objective: comparing the MTAand Portland cement by means of histological observation. Materialand methods: Two groups of five wistar rats (Rattus novergicus) eachwere submitted to surgery at the filtrum area for insertion of apolyethylene tube containing MTA (left side) and Portland cement (rightside). After flap closure, the animals were placed in isolation and twodifferent periods (2 and 12 weeks) were selected to sacrifice the animals.Blocks were obtained from the animals, stored in 10% formalin solutionand submitted to histological preparation. All blocks were observedunder a light microscope. Results: The results showed that the MTAyielded a less intense histological reaction than the Portland cement in 2-week period. In the 12-week period, the histological results werevery similar for both cements. Conclusion: Utilization of the Portlandcement in Dentistry can be considered.