Food is the exilir of life. But there are many who during the pandemic time and after struggled for a single meal per day. To get a clear picture of the food crisis which occurred during the corona season of 2021 and in its aftermath a study was conducted in five villages of Belurtaluk. Belur and its twin place Halebeedu are heritage sites boasting of Karnataka ‘s cultural history. The sampled villages are Narayanapura, Hulikere, Lingapura,Tholalu and Vaginakere. The total sample size was 200.Though there was government run PDS fair price shops no rations were given even to ration holders. Anganwadi workers were the ones who cooked meals in grounds and village schools and fed the hungry masses. This was so because of lack of work and income in their own small land holdings. Community members who took care of their fellowmen were the ones who prepared the meals. The main communities were Gowdas, 50% Kurubas 25% and SC/ST 25%.Each community made their own meals arrangements. The target groups taken for study were small farmers with one acre or lesser than one acre. The main crops grown by them were groundnuts cowpeas and vegetables like brinjals, beans, carrots, cauliflower, cabbages, green chillies and broad beans. The study proceeded with the following objectives. A)To find out what were the main causes for food scarcity in the above sampled villages.B)To suggest a few remedial measures for removal of food scarcity. The research gap suggested difficulty in carrying out agricultural activities, small land holdings were the main drawbacks coupled with poverty which led to loss of two square meals per day.Part time working as guides in these tourist places brought some income but it was insufficient.Research Methodology used both primary and secondary data. Primary data formed the basis of the study. Secondary data was collected from articles published by previous authors and government reports.Simple random sampling was used to collect data and questionnaire method was designed to conduct face to face interviews.Descriptive analysis was followed.Measures suggested to rectify the situation to a certain extent was to bring back the agriculturelabourers to their villages and to fix minimum wages for them.Giving them BPL cards and minimum rations without missing for a single month is very beneficial to them. With food inflation on the rise though the production of important food grains such as paddy and wheat has increased manifold still hunger persisted in many villages of Belur.Abolishing pilferage of foodgrains and regulating the foodgrains marketdoing away with middlemen,are the other remedies for curbing food scarcity in Belur’s villages.

The unfortunate socio-economic conditions of women workers on construction sites in major cities have become far worse than previously thought and seen.This was corroborated by the field survey conducted in construction sites of Bangalore city.The construction sites taken for survey were the new multi storeyed buildings from Bangalore Mysore Road, Kengeri and UllalUpanagara Koramangala and JP nagar.For this study 150 samples of migrant women workers were collected.The other factor was all of them were from scheduled castes .The rationale behind the study was firstly to find out if their conditions have improved post pandemic and secondly to understand how farthe government schemes and welfare boards have served their purpose? Has all these social security measures alleviated their problems to a certain extentnor not? The main objective were to find out if their socio economic status changed after migration and to find out if there was any possibility to avail help from the government schemes other than Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bhima Yojane and Prsdhan Mantri Suraksha Bhima Yojana or get help from NGO’s. Research gap showed that there was many shortcomings for these distressed groups as they were sidelined repeatedly but why was it so.? Did they avail of 1% cess meant for construction workers.? Research Methodology followed was using both primary and secondary data though it was a primary study. Descriptive analysis was followed. Simple random sampling was carried out and percentage method was used for data analysis. The findings indicated that most of the time they were not paid the full amount, often fell sick besides there was no prevention for the on site accidents and no immediate medical help was forth coming. Conclusion showed that this problem of distress migration arose because of severe drought conditions in many north Karnataka states and their inability to work as agricultural labourers as big farmers preferred to use tractors. Socially and economically they were a totally repressed lot and suffered more post pandemic in their quest to sustain themselves and their families.

When the employees don’t consistently attend their jobs in their workplace at a scheduled time or if their absence is deliberate or unaccounted for with no reliable reason given then its treated as absenteeism. Failure of the employee to attend work during on duty hours can also be termed as absenteeism as per theIndian Factories Act 0f 1948. To understand this problem better a study was undertaken in five garment factories. Sample size taken was one hundred and fifty and simple random sampling was followed.Research gap showed that continued absence might be due to increased work stress, work burnout, exhaustion and disinterest in work. It may also be due to lack of work satisfaction which was rated as one of the main reason for continued absence from the work spot.The research methodology consisted of both primary as well as secondary data .The data analysis was based on the primary data and description method was followed. The objectives consisted of finding out the reasons for absenteeism and whether it was due to the strenuous modern work culture? Suggestions were made regarding the employees who applied for long leave and never turned up on their work spot for along period which was prevalent among the floating population working in garments in Bangalore. Many workers were mentally and physically exhausted and flexi timings and shift system, sick leave facility would ease their tiredness and monotony at work. The management of these organizations have taken many employee friendly measures to ease the work atmosphere and environment such as increasing the wages of the employees from time to time and even paying extra for overtime. The importance of harmonious industrial relations cant be stressed. With both government as well the organizational management not in favour of trade unions post industrial policy of 1991 the workers themselves have to align with their company’s policies and look for ideal ways within organizational framework to solve their work issues.

Gudibanda a small town in Chickkaballapur district has been selected to study whether small land holdings can remove rural poverty. Five villages were earmarked and 200 samples collected from these villages where simple random sampling was carried out to find if the relation between rural poverty and farmers with small fragmented lands.Most of these small farmers grew vegetables such as brinjals, cowpeas, tomatoes, potatoes and beans. Also commercial flowers such as jasmine, roses, tuberoses and yellow crysanthamums were also cultivated. They earned a very small income of Rs 500 per month for vegetables and around 2000Rs to 2300Rs per month for flower sales that too during the festival months of January to April 2023.Their earnings depended mainly on the market prices that’s the selling rate of the main vegetable market in Gudibandasanthe or village fair. They also sold outside their villages in small groups and also tried transporting to Gudibanda main market. Can cultivating all these small vegetable farms bring income and sustain these flower and vegetable cultivators? Water scarcity coupled with lack of rural employment measures like MNREGA were the root cause of their problems. It was also the main reasons for rural urban migration.The main objective was to see if the cultivation of small farms could fetch moderate income for the farmers. The main suggestion was to adopt cooperative farming minus the problem of middlemen, how to solve the problem of selling in vegetable markets and finally to tackle the problem of rural unemployment and water scarcity.