Introduction: The discovery of hemolytic anemia must lead to a precise etiological assessment guided by clinical and biological data. The aim of our study is to describe the etiological profile of hemolytic anemia cases diagnosed in the hematology laboratory of the Hassan II University Hospital in FEZ. Material and Methods: We conducted a retrospective and descriptive study of hemolytic anemia cases diagnosed between January 2017 and July 2019 and based on epidemiological and clinical data collected from computerized reports and laboratory investigations. Results: The analysis of clinicobiological records identified 100 cases of hemolytic anemias. The mean age of our patients was 36 years , with a sex ratio (F /H) of 1.5. Anemia was symptomatic in the majority of patients. The etiologies found were : neoplasia in 32 patients, systemic lupus erythematosus in 10 patients , sickle cell disease in 10 patients, immunological thrombocytopenic purpura in 7 patients, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in 7 patients, alloimmunization in 5 patients, hemolytic uremic syndrome in 5 patients, hyperthyroidism in 5 patients, thalassemia in 4 patients, microspherocytosis in 4 patients, hypersplenism in 4 patients, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria in 1 patient , pyruvate kinase deficiency in 1 patient, Gaucher disease in 1 patient, and the use of alpha-methyl Dopa in only one patient. Conclusion: Hemolytic anemia constitute a real diagnostic challenge. Neoplasia predominate in elderly subjects while autoimmune pathologies are more frequent in young subjects.
Primary plasma cell leukemia (pPCL) is a rare lymphoproliferative disease characterized by a malignant proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow and peripheral blood. It is either primary (in 60% of cases) or a secondary complication of multiple myeloma [1]. In this context, we report the case of a 37-year-old patient with respiratory distress, whose bone marrow smear showed the presence of 64% of dystrophic plasma cells. A serum protein electrophoresis with immunofixation was performed, revealing results in favor of pPCL. A cytogenetic study was not performed due to lack of resources. The patient was put on multidrug therapy with a favorable evolution.
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