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Chronic tonsillitis is a condition where tonsil is enlarged, accompanied by repeated infections. Bacterial chronic tonsillitis can be caused by different bacteria, depends on its region. Research for patterns of bacteria causing chronic tonsilitis is needed to determine the target of antibiotics used by hospitals. The general objective of this research was to determine the type of bacteria that cause chronic tonsillitis obtained through a throat swab from pediatric patients in the ENT Ulin Hospital Banjarmasin from August to October 2015. This is a descriptive research using cross sectional approach. The sample in this study is the pediatric patients aged 1-17 years who were diagnosed chronic tonsillitis by ENT specialist at the ENT Ulin Hospital Banjarmasin. Swab was taken from the palatine tonsil and cultured in media isolation and examined using macroscopic, microscopic and biochemical tests. The results showed that 7 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus (53.84%), 1 sample of Escherichia coli (7.69%), and 5 samples of Streptococcus sp. (38.46%) are three major bacteria which infected chronic tonsillitis patients in Ulin GeneraL Hospital Banjarmasin. Keywords: chronic tonsillitis, bacterial identification, pediatric patients Abstrak: Tonsilitis kronis merupakan kondisi di mana terjadi pembesaran tonsil disertai dengan serangan infeksi yang berulang-ulang. Bakteri penyebab infeksi  tonsilitis kronis dapat berbeda-beda antar daerah. Perlu adanya penelitian tentang pola kuman agar pemberian antibiotik tepat sasaran.Tujuan umum dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui jenis bakteri penyebab tonsilitis kronik yang didapat melalui swab tenggorok pasien anak di bagian THT RSUD Ulin Banjarmasin pada Agustus-Oktober 2015. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah pasien anak umur 1-17 tahun yang didiagnosis tonsilitis kronis oleh dokter spesialis THT di bagian THT RSUD Ulin Banjarmasin. Identifikasi diambil dari swab pada tonsila palatinadan dibiakkan pada media isolasi yaitu dengan pemeriksaan secara makroskopis, mikroskopis, dan uji biokimia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat tiga jenis isolat bakteri yaitu Staphylococcus aureus 7 isolat (53,84%), Escherichia coli 1 isolat (7,69%), dan Streptococcus sp. 5 isolat (38,46%). Kata-kata kunci: Tonsilitis kronis, identifikasi bakteri, pasien anak

Infection caused by Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a healthcare-associated infection thatreceives the most significant attention worldwide due to its resistance. Administration of precise and rational antibiotics canprevent high MRSA rates in hospitals. This study aimed to determine the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of MRSA at theintensive care room of Ulin General Hospital, Banjarmasin, between 2016 and 2018. This study was an observational analyticstudy by taking the results of culture and antibiotic susceptibility pattern data of the MRSA isolated from patients treated atthe intensive care room retrospectively. The results showed 37 data of patients suffering from MRSA at the intensive careroom in 2016-2018, with a percentage of 23.81%, 25.81%, and 35.19%, respectively. The most common sources of MRSAisolate in this study were sputum (32.39%), blood (29.27%), and pus (16.67%). From 2016 to 2017, there was a decreasedsusceptibility to macrolide antibiotics, aminoglycosides such as Gentamicin, and quinolones such as Moxifloxacin. In 2018,there was an increased susceptibility pattern of some antibiotics compared to the previous period. Antibiotics with thehighest susceptibility in period of 2016-2018 were Linezolid, Quinupristin/Dalfopristin, Tigecycline, Nitrofurantoin, andTrimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole. Also, the antibiotic with the lowest susceptibility was Tetracycline. It was concluded thatthere had been changes in some antibiotics' susceptibility pattern to MRSA within 2016-2018.

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is a pathologic phenomenon indicated by the presence of bacteria with a high number of CFU/ml. One of the causative measures is the constant catheterization of hospitalized patient. UTI happens easily to pregnant women whose urine will promote the growth of bacteria. The laboratory examination of UTI is carried out to observe the occurcace of bacteria and leucocytes. This study was carried out to see increases in number of bacteria in bacteriuria and number of leucocytes in leucocyturia in caesarean section patients following catheterization. The aim of this study was to examine the correlation between the number of bacteria in bacteriuria and number of lecocytes in leucocyturia from urine obtained after catheterization post caesarean section patients in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of RSUD Ulin Banjarmasin during the periods of June 1st – July 31st, 2004. A descriptive method was used and regression as well as non parametric testing procedure of linear correlation were employed. The results showed a strong degree of correlation between the number of bacteria in bacteriuria and the number of leucocyte in leucocyturia after 1x24 hours (r = 0, 51089) and after 2x24 hours (r = 0, 74647). The regression analysis strongly revealed the increase number of leucocytes in leucocyturia along with the increase number of bacteria in bacteriuria.

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