Biofouling is micro-organism and makrofouling attached to the submerged substrate. Prevention of biofouling organism called antifouling.Tributyltin organotin was using to mixture antifouling paint. Antifouling paints containing toxic and environmentally unfriendly. Symbiotic bacteria have secondary metabolites, there are tanin, steroid, and triterpenoid. This research aimed to obtain antifouling bacteria through isolation process of bacteria obtained from the roots of mangrove Avicennia marina, and analyze the bacterial symbiont inhibitory zone of mangrove Avicennia marina as antifouling. The method was beginning with the isolation of bacteria roots of mangrove Avicennia marina, identification of symbiotic bacteria, and the antifouling activity test. Results obtained from the isolation of bacteria, there are 21 symbiotic endophytic on a sample of the inner root, and 15 epiphytic bacteria on a sample of the outer root. Endophytic bacteria inhibition zone test potential as antifouling from mangrove Avicennia marina that was from the root part that inhibitory zone size strong category for> 10 mm. Biofouling merupakan organisme mikro dan makrofouling yang menempel pada substrat terendam. Pencegahan terhadap organisme biofouling disebut antifouling. Antifouling menggunakan campuran cat Tributyltin organotin. Cat antifouling mengandung bahan beracun dan tidak ramah lingkungan. Bakteri simbion memiliki kandungan metabolit sekunder, seperti tanin, steroid dan triterpenoid. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh bakteri antifouling melalui proses isolasi bakteri yang diperoleh dari akar mangrove Avicennia marina dan menganalisis zona hambat bakteri simbion mangrove Avicennia marina sebagai antifouling. Metode yang digunakan diawali dengan isolasi bakteri akar mangrove Avicennia marina, identifikasi bakteri, dan uji aktivitas antifouling. Hasil yang diperoleh dari isolasi bakteri, yaitu 21 bakteri simbion endofit dan sampel akar bagian luar diperoleh 15 bakteri epifit. Uji zona hambat bakteri endofit yang berpotensi sebagai antifouling dari tumbuhan mangrove Avicennia marina yaitu memiliki ukuran zona hambat kategori kuat karena >10 mm.
Textile dye is a material that has a negative effect on environmental quality, one of the textile dyes is violet crystal. Biodegradation is one of the methods that used in waste treatment and can take advantage of microbial activity to degrade waste. Mangroves are ecosystems that are found along coastal waters in tropical and subtropical areas. Microorganisms such as bacteria are able to live and develop in mangrove roots. This study aims to isolate and identify the bacteria that live on mangrove roots morphologically and are able get degrade textile dyes. This research was conducted using experimental laboratory methods. Samples were isolated from mangrove roots obtained in Wonorejo Surabaya sterilely. The process of isolation and verification of bacterial morphology was carried out at the Microbiology Laboratory of Hang Tuah University, Surabaya. The method of isolation was carried out using the spread method, and the purification of the bacteria was carried out using the streak method. The results obtained 10 bacterial isolates from the results of isolation and morphological examination, while 2 isolates were able to degrade the violet crystal textile dye, called AB.1.2 and AB.1.5 which were indicated by the presence of clear zones.
Symbiotic bacteria of soft-coral Sinularia sp. as antibacterial agent Keywords: Antibacterial, Sinularia sp., symbiontic bacterial, PCR 16S DNA, Pseudomonas stutzeri AbstrakPenyakit akibat infeksi bakteri patogen telah menjadi masalah utama dalam dunia kesehatan. Oleh karenanya, diperlukan bahan aktif baru guna mengatasi masalah tersebut. Bakteri simbion karang lunak merupakan salah satu sumber yang menjanjikan. Hal ini karena bakteri simbion karang lunak memiliki senyawa bioaktif yang sama dengan inangnya. Bakteri simbion diisolasi dari karang lunak Sinularia sp. yang dikoleksi dari Perairan Tanjung Gelam Karimunjawa Jepara. Bakteri simbion diuji aktivitasnya terhadap E.coli, Proteus sp., Enterobacter sp. dan S. aureus dengan metode difusi agar. Satu dari 10 bakteri simbion memiliki aktivitas antibakteri, SNTGA5, dengan besar zona hambat 9.067 ± 0.305 mm terhadap E coli, 8.533 ± 0.416 mm terhadap S. aureus, 9.067 ± 0.058 mm terhadap Enterobacter sp., dan 9.1± 0.557 mm terhadap Proteus sp.. Identifikasi molekuler dilakukan dengan menggunakan PCR 16S DNA, dimana isolat yang aktif memiliki memiliki kekerabatan terdekat dengan Pseudomonas stutzeri.
Gili Ketapang merupakan pulau kecil yang secara administratif masuk dalam wilayah Kecamatan Sumberasih Kabupaten Probolinggo, dengan mayoritas masyarakatnya bermata pencaharian sebagai nelayan. Pengelolaan sampah di lingkungan sekitar dianggap masih minim sehingga terlihat jelas banyaknya sampah yang berserakan di bibir pantai yang berjarak dekat dengan pemukiman. Sampah plastik akan mengalami degradasi menjadi plastik yang lebih kecil dari ukuran semula yang disebut dengan mikroplastik. Mikroplastik merupakan jenis sampah plastik yang berukuran lebih kecil dari 5 mm, dapat mengapung atau tenggelam karena berat massa jenis mikroplastik lebih ringan daripada air laut. Jenis mikroplastik yang banyak ditemukan di perairan yaitu fragment,fiber,dan film. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui jenis, warna, ukuran dan kelimpahan mikroplastik pada sedimen di Gili Ketapang, Probolinggo. Metode yang digunakan diawali dengan pengambilan sampel air secara purposive random sampling. Sampel sedimen digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi mikroplastik menggunakan mikroskop dengan perbesaran 10 kali. Jenis mikroplastik yang ditemukan pada sedimen di Gili Ketapang, Probolinggo adalah fiber, fragmen dan film. Pada sedimen ditemukan beberapa warna untuk fiber yaitu biru, hijau dan merah, untuk jenis fragmen berwarna kuning, biru, merah, dan hijau, sedangkan pada jenis filamen ditemukan hanya satu warna yaitu putih bening. Ukuran mikroplastik pada sedimen 0,025 – 2,975 mm. Kelimpahan mikroplastik pada sedimen di 3 stasiun paling banyak pada jenis film sebanyak 1635 partikel/kg dan paling sedikit adalah 1180 partikel/kg dengan jenis mikroplastik fiber. Gili Ketapang is a small island that is administratively included in the Sumberasih District of Probolinggo Regency, with the majority of the people living as fishermen. Waste Management in the surrounding environment is considered to be still minimal so that it is clear that there is a lot of garbage scattered on the shoreline close to settlements. Plastic waste will degrade into plastic that is smaller than its original size called microplastics. Microplastics are a type of plastic waste that is smaller than 5 mm, can float or sink because the weight of the density of microplastics is lighter than sea water. The types of microplastics found in water are fragments,fibers, and films. This study aims to determine the type, color, size and abundance of microplastics in sediments in Gili Ketapang, Probolinggo. The method used begins with water sampling called purposive random sampling. Sediment samples were used to identify microplastics using a microscope with a magnification of 10 times. The types of microplastics found in sediments in Gili Ketapang, Probolinggo are fibers, fragments and films. In the sediment found several colors for fiber such as blue, green and red, for the type of fragments are yellow, blue, red, and green, while in the type of filaments found only one color is clear white. The size of microplastics in sediments is 0.025-2.975 mm. The abundance of microplastics in sediments at 3 stations in the type of film as much as 1635 particles/kg and at least 1180 particles/kg with the type of microplastics fiber mostly.
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