This study tries to investigate the relationship between gross domestic product, electricity product, net trade, electricity consumption and oil price on carbon dioxide (Co2) emission in Malaysia. Thus, it uses the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method in structuring the model estimation. By utilizing yearly time series data from 1980 to 2017, this study focuses on economics and statistical criteria analyses. According to sign analysis, the results suggest that, gross domestic product, electricity product, net trade and energy consumption affect carbon dioxides (Co2) positively. In contrast, the oil price affects carbon dioxides (Co2) negatively. Furthermore, the results in statistical criteria conclude that the gross domestic product, electricity product and energy consumption are the dominant factors that influence carbon dioxides combustion in the long run in Malaysia.

This study aims to identify the level of leadership among teachers and the factors that are affecting teacher leadership. A total of 250 teachers from 25 primary schools participated in this study. This study used questionnaire for data collection. The data were analysed by using descriptive and correlation tests to investigate the relationship between the focused factors. The results showed that the level of leadership among teachers is moderate. The findings also showed that there is a significant relationship between school culture and teachers' attitude and personality factors with teacher leadership. Meanwhile, the management support factor does not show a significant relationship with teacher leadership. This study suggested that the competency and leadership courses should be provided to teachers including the management, to improve the leadership skills of teachers in schools.

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The focus on economic diversification has led to increased support for the establishment and development of SMEs by Omani government in order to contribute in GDP. Risk management has become a major challenge for SMEs in the country due to the lack of experience and knowledge. This research focuses on 'Risk Practical Management Strategies' adopted by SMEs to manage risk. The research is accomplished through a qualitative approach, gathered primary data through interviews and analyzed thematically to establish the trends and patterns in the data. The findings show that there is substantial awareness of the importance of risk management specially in financial and operational which are the key risks faced by businesses, coupled with reputational risk that is associated with the increased use of ecommerce. The RPMS are largely linked to training and developing awareness about risk among SMEs.

This study examined short run and long run relationship between endogenous and exogenous variables. Specifically, it studied the relationship between real export, real import, labor force participation and real effective exchange rate (REER) and real GDP in Malaysia from 1988 to 2017. These variables were tested in various tests, namely, unit root test, granger causality test, vector autoregressive (VAR), Johansen Juselius test and Error Correction Term (ECT). The result revealed that all variables were non-stationary at the level form and stationary at first difference in ADF unit root test. The findings also exhibited the existence of bilateral relationships between real export and real GDP, real import and real GDP, as well as labor and real GDP. Nonetheless, there were no relationship found between REER and real GDP. On the other hand, in VAR, the lag optimum was lag 10 because it indicated the smallest value of AIC. Moreover, for Johansen Juselius cointegration test, it showed two cointegrated vector at both, 5% and 1%, level in trace test. In addition, Max-Eigen value test indicated two cointegrated vector at 0.05 and one cointegrated vector at 0.01. As for the Wald test, there were long run cointegration relationship between real GDP and its determinants, namely real export, real import, labor and REER. Apparently, Malaysia, as a small open economy, has relied heavily on foreign trade. Consequently, our domestic economic performance is susceptible to the changes in international markets and exchange rate. Therefore, suitable international policy implementation is vital to ensure Malaysian economy will be able to adjust to current global changes.