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In this study, three cultivars of potato and seven tetraploid breeding lines with different flesh colour were cultivated for three years at four locations in Poland. The objectives of this study were to quantify the levels of total (TC) and individual carotenoids (IC) and to determine the influence of genotype, farming system, growing location, years, and environment on the contents of these components. The aim of this study was also to identify genotypes with stable level of TC and IC. The mean total carotenoids content of tubers ranged between 5.57 and 20.20 mg kg −1 FW and was influenced by location, year, genotype, and their interactions. Mean values of lutein ranged from 2.92 to 6.66 mg kg −1 FWand zeaxanthin from 1.44 to 3.05 mg kg −1 FW. The most stable level of total carotenoids content was observed in tubers of breeding line TG-97-403. The most unstable level was found in tubers of cv. Jelly. The ranking of other genotypes depended on the used method. The presented study showed that the contents of carotenoids in potato tubers are significantly affected by environmental factors that cannot be controlled, because these are usually related to the year of cultivation. ResumenEn este estudio, se sembraron tres variedades de papa y siete líneas de mejoramiento tetraploides con diferente color de pulpa durante tres años en cuatro localidades en Polonia. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron cuantificar los niveles totales (TC) e individuales (IC) de carotenoides, y determinar la influencia del genotipo, sistema de cultivo, localidad, años, y el ambiente, en el contenido de estos componentes. La meta de este estudio también fue la de identificar genotipos con niveles estables de TC e IC. La media del contenido total de carotenoides de los tubérculos fluctuó entre 5.57 y 20.20 mg kg-1 de peso fresco y fue influenciada por la localidad, el año, el genotipo, y sus interacciones. Los valores medios de luteína variaron de 2.92 a 6.66 mg kg-1 en peso fresco, y la zeaxantina de 1.44 a 3.05 mg kg-1 de peso fresco. El nivel más estable del contenido de carotenoides totales se observó en tubérculos de la línea TG-97-403. El nivel mas inestable se encontró en tubérculos de la var. Jelly. Las cifras de otros genotipos dependieron del método usado. El presente estudio mostró que los contenidos de carotenoides en tubérculos de papa se afectan significativamente por factores ambientales que no pueden controlarse, porque generalmente están relacionados por el año de su cultivo.

The present paper, dedicated to the legacy of local geologist–engineer Peter Jozef (Sjeuf) Felder, who died in 2009, confirms his view that bioclasts constitute a valuable tool in the correlation of outcrops and borehole cores across the type area of the Maastrichtian Stage in the vicinity of Maastricht. His approach of interpreting changes in bioclast contents as having been influenced by Milankovitch cyclicity has here been applied successfully to the entire sedimentary complex of Maastrichtian (latest Cretaceous) age in the study area. In the present approach, results are corroborated by index fossils, mainly dinoflagellate cysts but also calcareous nannofossils, which allow correlation with the Stevns-1 core reference section in eastern Denmark. With the exception of local remnants ofBelemnella obtusaZone age, the Maastrichtian Stage in its type area encompasses the last 4.6 Ma of the Cretaceous Period (i.e. theBelemnella sumensis/Acanthoscaphites tridensZone up to the K/Pg boundary). P.J. Felder's bioclast analyses have enabled the detection of twelve 400 kyr eccentricity cycles of Milankovitch cyclicity in the area. However, the section is not continuous; there is a hiatus ofc.700 kyr between the Gulpen and Maastricht formations at the ENCI-HeidelbergCement Group quarry. In addition, smaller hiatuses, usually in the range of several 20 kyr cycles, have been detected in the upper Maastricht Formation.