The CAARMS-J is a reliable and valid tool for assessing and detecting ARMS in Japanese clinical settings, suggesting that the concept of ARMS is applicable in Japan.
The present results further support the hypothesis that the DUP affects QOL, social functioning, and cognitive function over the course of illness, especially in patients with an insidious onset. Effective strategies for detecting and caring for individuals with insidious onset early during the course of schizophrenia will be essential for achieving a full patient recovery.
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