Purpose. To solve technological and ecological problems of South Africa and other countries using the experience of Russian, Kazakh and Ukrainian miners in mining metals by the combination of traditional and new technologies. The ultimate aim of environmental protection concept is waste-free minerals mining with full utilization of the components produced from mined raw materials. Methods.The technology based on leaching metals from ores is used as an alternative to the traditional technology of metal production, i.e. in-situ extracting metals from ores. Findings.A brief review of the state of metal production in the world is presented. The environmental trends of mining engineering humanization in technologically advanced countries are defined. The experience of underground leaching of uranium is described. The results of pioneer experiments on the extraction of metals using combined mechanic and chemical treatment in the disintegrator are provided. Economic-mathematical models have been developed in order to determine efficiency of using combined technologies and simulate results of metal extraction.Originality. The effectiveness of combining technologies of mining deposits was assessed by comparative analysis of completeness of the valuable component extraction using traditional and combined methods of mining. The comparative analysis on two criteria allows to determine the optimal value of profits and choose the best way of metal beneficiation.Practical implications. The experience of combining technologies can be used at enterprises of South Africa. The economic and mathematical models for determining effectiveness of combined technology and simulating results of metal extraction are developed for a specific case study. Recommendations for using the experience of stripped minerals leaching are given.
Журнал входит в Перечень изданий, рекомендованных Высшей аттестационной комиссией (ВАК) Журнал включен в международную реферативную базу данных и систему цитирования Scopus Адрес редакции, учредителя, издателя: 362021, РСО-Алания, г. Владикавказ, ул. Николаева, 44, Северо-Кавказский горнометаллургический институт (государственный технологический университет), редакция журнала «Устойчивое развитие горных территорий».
The results are presented related to the retrospective analysis of the stability of Tyrnyauz deposit massifs during combined open-cast and underground mining for the development of measures to improve occupational safety. The information about Russian reserves of the tungsten and molybdenum is given. The characteristics of Tyrnyauz tungsten-molybdenum deposit and technologies for its development in the historical cross-section are provided. The distinctive features of the development of high-altitude deposits are described on the example of the Caucasus. Brief information is given on the method of measuring the displacement deformations of the mined ore mass by geometric leveling using profile lines of the reference marks. The result of the experience of the deposit combined development and the idea of the rock mass as a heterogeneous medium of structural blocks limited by the fractures in the form of agitators with the glide planes and filling with the secondary material are formulated in the article. The methodology is given concerning identification of the regularities of the massif deformation based on the data of surveying measurements with the location of reference marks on the surface, at the bottom of the open-cast and in the underground horizons with graphical construction of hazardous zones. Information about the mechanism of destruction of the massif is generalized and systematized differentially for the composing elements: Blind deposit, Main scarn, Mukulansky open-cast It is shown that the deposit is located in the zone of tectonic forces effect, the stress state of its massif differs from geostatic in magnitude and direction of stresses, genesis and technogenic changes facilitated the transformation of the ore massif into a discrete medium, the formation of voids in the rock massifs was accompanied by the development of deformation with massif destruction. Studies of the history of the development of Tyrnyauz deposit testify the adequacy of massif behavior during technogenic intervention, which is a prerequisite for optimizing the technologies for industrial development of the deposit with an economic and environmental benefits.
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