We revisit the differential sampling method introduced in [13] for the identification of a periodic domain and some local perturbation. We provide a theoretical justification of the method that avoids assuming that the local perturbation is also periodic. Our theoretical framework uses functional spaces with continuous dependence with respect to the Floquet-Bloch variable. The corner stone of the analysis is the justification of the Generalized Linear Sampling Method in this setting for a single Floquet-Bloch mode.