Plant resistance to at least 17 field and storage insect pests of cool season food legumes has been identified . For the most part, this resistance was located in the primary gene pools of grain legumes via conventional laboratory, greenhouse, and field screening methods . The use of analytical techniques (i .e ., capillary gas chromatography) to characterize plant chemicals that mediate the host selection behavior of pest insects offers promise as a new, more rapid way to differentiate between insect-resistant and susceptible plant material . Examples of research achievements in mechanisms of resistance and host-plant resistance within the context of integrated control programs are discussed . Accelerating the development and subsequent releases of insect-resistant cultivars to pulse farmers requires more involvement from interdisciplinary teams of plant breeders, entomologists, plant pathologists, plant chemists, molecular biologists, and other scientists .

Plant resistance to at least 17 field and storage insect pests of cool season food legumes has been identified . For the most part, this resistance was located in the primary gene pools of grain legumes via conventional laboratory, greenhouse, and field screening methods . The use of analytical techniques (i .e ., capillary gas chromatography) to characterize plant chemicals that mediate the host selection behavior of pest insects offers promise as a new, more rapid way to differentiate between insect-resistant and susceptible plant material . Examples of research achievements in mechanisms of resistance and host-plant resistance within the context of integrated control programs are discussed . Accelerating the development and subsequent releases of insect-resistant cultivars to pulse farmers requires more involvement from interdisciplinary teams of plant breeders, entomologists, plant pathologists, plant chemists, molecular biologists, and other scientists .

The target of the present study is the selecting salt tolerant Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viceae through isolated them from salt-affected soils of North Delta of Egypt, and evaluated for their efficiency and salt tolerance, thereafter, the best efficient and salt-tolerant selected isolates along with A. mycorrhizae were used to inoculate faba bean plants grown in pots to elucidate their effects on ameliorating salt effects on the plant. Rhizobial isolates varied in their tolerance to salinity. The isolates bringing from salt soils had more tolerance over those isolated from normal soil. The isolates of R2 and R6 were the superior. They confer the plants the highest nodules dry weight, plant dry weight and N-content. The plant exhibited the best growth and elements uptake (N, P and K-contents) when inoculated with the mixture of the tolerant rhizobia and mycorrhizae, especially R2+M treatment. Thus, we urged farmers to applying salt-tolerant inoculums in agricultural practices in order to increasing productivity of the crops under salinity condition. In addition, rather studies should be extended to explore the great benefits of microorganisms to alleviate different stresses on the crop.

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