The Indonesian island of Sulawesi harbors a highly endemic and diverse fauna sparking fascination since long before Wallace’s contemplation of biogeographical patterns in the region. Allopatric diversification driven by geological or climatic processes has been identified as the main mechanism shaping present faunal distribution on the island. There is both consensus and conflict among range patterns of terrestrial species pointing to the different effects of vicariant events on once co-distributed taxa. Tarsiers, small nocturnal primates with possible evidence of an Eocene fossil record on the Asian mainland, are at present exclusively found in insular Southeast Asia. Sulawesi is hotspot of tarsier diversity, whereby island colonization and subsequent radiation of this old endemic primate lineage remained largely enigmatic. To resolve the phylogeographic history of Sulawesi tarsiers we analyzed an island-wide sample for a set of five approved autosomal phylogenetic markers (ABCA1, ADORA3, AXIN1, RAG1, and TTR) and the paternally inherited SRY gene. We constructed ML and Bayesian phylogenetic trees and estimated divergence times between tarsier populations. We found that their arrival at the Proto-Sulawesi archipelago coincided with initial Miocene tectonic uplift and hypothesize that tarsiers dispersed over the region in distinct waves. Intra-island diversification was spurred by land emergence and a rapid succession of glacial cycles during the Plio-Pleistocene. Some tarsier range boundaries concur with spatial limits in other taxa backing the notion of centers of faunal endemism on Sulawesi. This congruence, however, has partially been superimposed by taxon-specific dispersal patterns.

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This study aims to produce and describe the validity, practicality, and effectiveness of Student Activity Sheets based on the local wisdom of Surabayaspecific Batik that can improve critical thinking skills in science subjects 6th grade Elementary School. This research is a development research that refers to the Four D (4D) development model. Student Activity Sheet based Surabaya batik local wisdom validated by experts, then tested on 20 fourth grade students of Mulyorejo I / 237 Elementary school Surabaya. The results showed that the Student Activity Sheet that was developed was very valid with a percentage of 92.25%, the Student Activity Sheet that was developed practically based on student activities relevant to learning with a percentage of 92.71%, and the Student Activity Sheet that was developed effectively based on the results Student's critical thinking test which showed that all students completed with an N-gain of 0.751 in the high category. It can be concluded that the Student Activity Sheet based Surabaya batik local wisdom deserves to improve the critical thinking skills of elementary students.

The development of teaching materials by utilizing the Cibodas Botanical Garden (CBG) to train plant literacy and plant classification is currently not yet developed. Teaching material by utilizing the KRC was made to determine the feasibility and readability of teaching materials, train students in improving the ability of plant literacy and classification of plants, and student responses to teaching materials. The method used in this study is the ADDIE development method. The subjects in this study were 24 students of 10th grade high school students whose school was close to CBG. The instrument used was the validation sheet, cloze test, plant literacy questions, matter of plant classification, and student response questionnaire. The results showed that the average percentage of the feasibility of teaching materials is 88.85% with very decent criteria. Readability test obtained a percentage of 67.1% with high criteria. The plant literacy test obtained an N-GAIN value of 0.35 with moderate criteria and an increase in the plant classification test obtained an N-GAIN value of 0.31 with moderate criteria. Furthermore, the analysis of student responses obtained 84.1% with good criteria. Based on these results, it can be concluded that teaching materials using the KRC are appropriate and can help students improve their literacy and classification abilities.

The 2019-20 Coronavirus outbreak has been declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC). Cytokine storms and impaired blood coagulation are frequently associated with Covid-19. Dysregulation of the coagulation cascade and interalveolar fibrin clot formation are prominent findings in coronavirus infection associated with severe respiratory disease and have been demonstrated in human and animal models. A 66-year-old woman with COVID-19 was consulted by the Anesthesia Department of the Arifin Achmad Hospital Pekanbaru for intensive care. The patient complained of shortness of breath since 4 days of SMRS. The patient had an elevated d-dimer. Anticoagulation may be considered in COVID-19 patients from the time of treatment until the patient's discharge (35-42 days).